本文關(guān)鍵詞： CSTR 亞硝化顆粒污泥 氮容積負(fù)荷 EPS 氨氧化菌 功能菌活性　出處：《蘇州科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：污泥的顆�；粌H有助于改善沉降性能,而且還可以富集生長較慢的硝化細(xì)菌,密實(shí)的生物結(jié)構(gòu)對惡劣環(huán)境的抵抗能力也明顯強(qiáng)于絮狀污泥�！皝喯趸夹g(shù)”是指將水中氨氮氧化為亞硝態(tài)氮后,將亞硝態(tài)氮直接還原為氮?dú)獾倪^程。然而現(xiàn)行亞硝化工藝(如短程硝化-反硝化、短程硝化-厭氧氨氧化等)難以長期高效穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,其中亞硝化的穩(wěn)定性成為整個脫氮過程的限制性環(huán)節(jié)。目前好氧顆粒污泥大多在具有較大高徑比的SBR反應(yīng)器中培養(yǎng)及維持穩(wěn)定,但在實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用中間歇流受到諸多限制,故環(huán)保工程師的首選工藝模式為連續(xù)流。在連續(xù)流反應(yīng)器中接種顆粒污泥并實(shí)現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定的亞硝化性能,可為工程化提供可能。本論文系統(tǒng)地研究了CSTR中將異養(yǎng)型好氧顆粒污泥馴化培養(yǎng)為具有亞硝化功能的自養(yǎng)型顆粒污泥的變化過程;考察關(guān)鍵因素(氮容積負(fù)荷、C/N比)對亞硝化顆粒污泥的影響規(guī)律;并進(jìn)一步探索了改善并實(shí)現(xiàn)亞硝化顆粒污泥工藝長期穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的控制策略。本論文主要研究內(nèi)容和研究結(jié)果如下:(1)通過在CSTR中接種由SBR反應(yīng)器培養(yǎng)成熟的異養(yǎng)型好氧顆粒污泥,考察不同水力流態(tài)和進(jìn)水基質(zhì)下顆粒污泥的變化規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,在前20d內(nèi)異養(yǎng)型好氧顆粒污泥在連續(xù)流反應(yīng)器中逐漸解體為接近絮狀的污泥,沉降性能明顯惡化;歷時53天又重新生成小顆粒。在整個實(shí)驗(yàn)期間粒徑小于0.3mm的顆粒迅速增加并一度成為主體,而粒徑大于0.8mm的顆粒迅速減少。隨著反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行,最終粒徑0.3~0.8mm的顆粒成為主體。本階段研究末期氨氮去除率和亞硝態(tài)氮積累率分別超過95%和80%并保持穩(wěn)定。種泥中積累的大量胞外聚合物(EPS)在實(shí)現(xiàn)顆粒化的過程中起到了至關(guān)重要的作用,而低溶解氧(DO)(0.3~0.5mg·L~(-1))成為實(shí)現(xiàn)亞硝化的重要控制條件。(2)基于調(diào)控亞硝化顆粒污泥工藝的長期穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。反應(yīng)器整個運(yùn)行共分為四個階段(共181d)。研究結(jié)果表明,提升氮容積負(fù)荷(NLR)可以成為實(shí)現(xiàn)亞硝化工藝長期穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的一種有效調(diào)控策略。隨著反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行,顆粒形態(tài)越來越規(guī)則,且結(jié)構(gòu)更加密實(shí),可以有效應(yīng)對短時間的高DO沖擊,亞硝酸鹽氧化菌(NOB)活性得到有效抑制。污泥去除負(fù)荷最高達(dá)到0.24kgN·(kg·d)~(-1),之后繼續(xù)提升氮容積負(fù)荷會造成氨氮去除率下降,但亞硝態(tài)氮積累率始終高于80%。通過對功能菌活性的測定發(fā)現(xiàn)該顆粒具有較高的生物活性,其氨氮比去除速率[q(NH_4~+-N)]、亞硝態(tài)氮比積累速率[q(NO_2~--N)]、氨氧化菌比耗氧速率(SOUR-A)分別達(dá)到90±5mg·(g·h)~(-1)、80±5mg·(g·h)~(-1)、86±5mg·(g·h)~(-1)。另外,在以自養(yǎng)菌為主的顆粒中,EPS含量增加較緩慢,且主要是以蛋白質(zhì)(PN)含量的增加為主,多糖(PS)含量則穩(wěn)定在26~34mg·g~(-1)左右。(3)為探明易降解有機(jī)物短期沖擊對全自養(yǎng)亞硝化顆粒污泥(PNG)中不同功能菌活性的影響,本研究采用多批次連續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn),系統(tǒng)考察了PNG在有機(jī)物脅迫與恢復(fù)階段,氮素轉(zhuǎn)化性能與溶解氧(DO)利用情況的演化規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,基質(zhì)C/N比越高,q(NO_2~--N)的降幅就越大。期間,異養(yǎng)菌(HeB)活性的增強(qiáng),加快了PNG對DO的消耗速率,使得氧親和力較差的亞硝酸鹽氧化菌(NOB)活性得到了有效抑制。當(dāng)重新采用無機(jī)碳源配水時,q(NO_2~--N)數(shù)值明顯增大,同時HeB與NOB的活性均處于較低水平。因此,易降解有機(jī)物對全自養(yǎng)PNG系統(tǒng)的沖擊具有一定可逆性,該過程有助于鞏固氨氧化菌(AOB)的相對優(yōu)勢,提升亞硝化反應(yīng)的穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:Granular sludge not only helps to improve the settling performance, but also can slow growth rate of nitrifying bacteria, biological resistance to harsh environment of the dense structure is significantly stronger than activated sludge. "The nitrosation technology" refers to the ammonia oxidation water for nitrite, the nitrite nitrogen direct reduction for the nitrogen process. However the nitrosation process (such as short cut nitrification and denitrification, SHARON-Anammox etc.) to long-term stable and efficient operation, the stability of nitrification denitrification process has become the restriction step. The aerobic granular sludge cultivation has mostly in the larger ratio of height to diameter of SBR reactor and maintain a stable, but intermittent flow restrictions in the middle of the actual engineering application, so the preferred environmental engineer process model for continuous flow. Inoculation of granular sludge and achieve stable nitrite in continuous flow reactors Performance can be engineered to provide the possibility. This paper systematically studied the aerobic granular sludge in CSTR heterotrophic cultivation and domestication process for autotrophic granular sludge with nitrification function; investigation of key factors (nitrogen loading, C/N ratio) influence on nitrification granular sludge; and to further explore the control strategy to improve and achieve long-term stable operation of nitrification granular sludge process. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) in the CSTR through the SBR reactor inoculated by heterotrophic cultivation of mature aerobic granular sludge, the effects of different hydraulic flow and water changes of granular sludge substrate. The results showed that in the first 20d type of heterotrophic aerobic granular sludge in a continuous flow reactor is close to the gradual disintegration of flocculent sludge, settling performance deteriorated significantly; after 53 days of re generating small particles in the whole experiment. During the period of grain size less than 0.3mm particles increased rapidly and became the main body, and the particle size is greater than 0.8mm particles decreased rapidly. With the reactor operation, the final particle size of 0.3~0.8mm. This has become the main stage removal rate and nitrite nitrogen accumulation rate at the end of the study were more than 95% and 80% and remained stable. A lot of extracellular the accumulation of mud in the polymer (EPS) in the process of granulation plays a crucial role in, and low dissolved oxygen (DO) (0.3~0.5mg L~ (-1)) has become the important control condition for nitrification. (2) the long-term stable operation of the regulation of nitrification granular sludge process based on reaction. The whole operation is divided into four stages (181d). The results show that the increase of nitrogen volume load (NLR) can be an effective control strategy to achieve long-term stable operation of the nitrosation process. With the reactor operation, the particles form more and more rules, and 緇撴瀯鏇村姞瀵嗗疄,鍙互鏈夋晥搴斿鐭椂闂寸殑楂楧O鍐插嚮,浜氱閰哥洂姘у寲鑿，

本文編號：1460344