本文關(guān)鍵詞： 民用燃料 無(wú)機(jī)元素 水溶性離子 PAHs 氣固分配 VOCs　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：民用燃料一般指的是煤,木柴和秸稈等燃料。由于這些燃料成本較低,容易獲得,因此在云南省很多農(nóng)村地區(qū)是以這些固體燃料作為生活中主要燃料。然而由于燃燒條件差,燃燒效率較低,同時(shí)沒(méi)有處理設(shè)備導(dǎo)致污染物排放量大,對(duì)人體有嚴(yán)重健康影響。而目前在我國(guó)針對(duì)民用燃料燃燒排放特征以及排放估算的研究較少。尤其云南省大部分地區(qū)海拔1500～2000米,氣壓比平原地區(qū)低,氧氣稀薄,會(huì)造成燃燒源排放顆粒物一些組分含量以及PAHs氣固分配與平原地區(qū)的差異。本研究選取了云南省典型蜂窩煤和木柴進(jìn)行室內(nèi)模擬燃燒試驗(yàn),獲得了云南省大氣顆粒物以及氣態(tài)污染物的排放因子,并分析了各類大氣污染物的組成特征,得到如下結(jié)論:(1)蜂窩煤明燒和悶燒排放顆粒物的排放因子分別為0.67±0.11g/kg和0.94±0.20g/kg。而木柴中顆粒物的排放因子為2.02±0.64g/kg。PM1仍是占比最大,且占到總顆粒物的50%以上。(2)蜂窩煤明燒和悶燒排放顆粒物中,元素排放因子較高的均為:Al、Ti、Fe、Ca、Si、Zn、Pb、K、Mg、Na,其范圍為 0.22～15.17mg/kg。在木柴燃燒排放大氣顆粒物中,元素排放因子最高的10種元素為:Si、Ti、Fe、Al、K、Mg、Ca、Sb、Na、Ba,其范圍為 0.87～177.95mg/kg。(3)由于木柴中氮元素含量較高,而蜂窩煤中硫元素含量較高,從而造成蜂窩煤燃燒排放顆粒物中SO42-比重比木柴中的要高,而木柴燃燒比蜂窩煤排放更多的NO3-。由于悶燒過(guò)程中氧含量較低,燃燒效率低,造成蜂窩煤悶燒排放的顆粒物中SO42-的占比比明燒狀態(tài)下的排放要高。而蜂窩煤明燒則會(huì)比悶燒排放更多的NO3-。(4)蜂窩煤明燒和悶燒排放的16種PAHs的總排放因子分別為4.42±0.75mg/kg和6.01 ± 1.37mg/kg。木柴燃燒排放的16種PAHs的總排放因子為8.45±1.41mg/kg,比蜂窩煤燃燒PAHs的排放因子明顯要高。而PM1中含有大部分顆粒態(tài)PAHs,占顆粒態(tài)總PAHs的70%～90%,其中分子量較大的PAHs更容易富集在細(xì)顆粒物中。(5)而與前人研究相比,本研究中顆粒態(tài)PAHs的占比相對(duì)較高,或許是因?yàn)樵颇系貐^(qū)低壓低氧的環(huán)境造成民用燃料的不完全燃燒,從而使得更多的PAHs包裹在顆粒物中排放到煙氣中,使得本研究中民用燃料燃燒排放顆粒態(tài)PAHs占比較平原地區(qū)高。(6)蜂窩煤明燒排放的總VOCs的排放因子為8.34±1.20mg/kg;悶燒排放的總VOCs的排放因子為10.79±5.65mg/kg。木柴燃燒排放的總VOCs的排放因子為 9.98±2.43mg/kg。(7)木柴燃燒排放VOCs的臭氧生成潛勢(shì)較高,而云南地區(qū)存在大量的民用木柴現(xiàn)象,因此研究云南地區(qū)臭氧污染來(lái)源時(shí),應(yīng)考慮木柴燃燒的貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Civilian fuels generally refer to fuels such as coal, firewood and straw, which are easily available because of their low cost. Therefore, in many rural areas of Yunnan Province, these solid fuels are used as the main fuel in daily life. However, because of the poor combustion conditions, the combustion efficiency is low, and the lack of treatment equipment leads to large emissions of pollutants. There are serious health effects on human body. However, there are few researches on fuel combustion emission characteristics and emission estimation in China, especially in most areas of Yunnan Province, at an altitude of 1 500 ~ 2 000 meters above sea level. The air pressure is lower than the plain area, the oxygen is thin. Some components of particulate matter emitted from combustion source and the difference between PAHs gas and solid distribution in plain area will be caused. In this study, typical honeycomb coal and firewood from Yunnan Province were selected for indoor simulated combustion test. The emission factors of atmospheric particulates and gaseous pollutants in Yunnan Province were obtained, and the composition characteristics of all kinds of atmospheric pollutants were analyzed. Get the following conclusion: 1). The emission factors of particulate matter from beehive coal were 0.67 鹵0.11g / kg and 0.94 鹵0.20g / kg, respectively, and the emission factors of particles from firewood were 2.02 鹵0.6, respectively. 4g / kg 路PM1 is still the largest proportion. The higher emission factors of the particles from beehive briquette from bright burning and smoldering are all the K ~ (2 +) K ~ (2 +) -Al _ (1) Al ~ (2 +) Fe ~ (2 +) Fe ~ (2 +) ~ (2) ~ (2) ~ (2) ~ (2) ~ (2) ~ (2) ~ (2)). The range of Na is 0.22 ~ 15.17 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-1). The 10 elements with the highest emission factor of atmospheric particulate matter from firewood combustion are: 1. The content of nitrogen in firewood is high, and the content of sulfur in honeycomb coal is higher than that in honeycomb coal because of the higher nitrogen content in firewood and the higher content of sulfur in beehive coal because of the high nitrogen content in firewood and the range of 0.87 ~ 177.95 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-3) 路g ~ (-3). As a result, the proportion of so _ 4 _ 2-- in the particulates emitted from the combustion of honeycomb coal is higher than that in the firewood, and the burning of firewood has more no _ 3-emissions than that of the briquette. Because of the low oxygen content in the combustion process, the combustion efficiency is low. The proportion of so _ 4 ~ (-) in particulate matter that causes beehive coal smoldering is higher than that in open burning, and the ratio of no _ 3 ~ (-) ~ (4) in beehive coal is more than that in smoldering.). The total emission factors of 16 PAHs from honeycomb briquette were 4.42 鹵0.75 mg / kg and 6.01 鹵6.01 鹵0.75 mg / kg, respectively. The total emission factor of 16 PAHs from firewood combustion was 8.45 鹵1.41 mg / kg. The emission factor of PAHs in honeycomb coal combustion is obviously higher than that in honeycomb coal combustion, and the PM1 contains most of the granular PAHs, accounting for 70% of the total granular PAHs. PAHs with higher molecular weight is easier to be enriched in fine particles. Compared with previous studies, the proportion of granular PAHs in this study is relatively high. Perhaps it is because the low pressure and low oxygen environment in Yunnan Province causes the incomplete combustion of civil fuel, which causes more PAHs to be trapped in the particulate matter and emitted into the smoke. In this study, the particulate PAHs emission from the combustion of civil fuel accounted for 8.34 鹵1.20 mg / kg of total VOCs emission from honeycomb coal. The emission factor of total VOCs from combustion is 10.79 鹵5.65 mg / kg. The emission factor of total VOCs from firewood combustion is 9.98 鹵2.43 mg / kg 路hm ~ (7). The ozone formation potential of VOCs from firewood combustion is high. However, there is a large number of civil firewood in Yunnan, so the contribution of firewood combustion should be considered when studying the sources of ozone pollution in Yunnan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X513;X701

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