本文關(guān)鍵詞： 倒灌 水動力-粒子示蹤模型 流量比 水文水動力 鄱陽湖 長江　出處：《湖泊科學(xué)》2017年05期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：倒灌是發(fā)生在湖泊與周圍水體交匯處的一個重要物理過程,對湖泊水文水動力與水環(huán)境帶來嚴(yán)重影響或干擾,進(jìn)而對湖泊水質(zhì)產(chǎn)生重要的影響或控制作用.本文采用統(tǒng)計方法和二維水動力-粒子示蹤耦合模型來分析倒灌物理成因、倒灌發(fā)生判別與指示以及倒灌對鄱陽湖水文水動力的影響.統(tǒng)計表明,流域"五河"入湖徑流、長江干流徑流情勢以及兩者疊加作用均是倒灌的影響因素,但長江干流徑流情勢是影響或者控制倒灌頻次與倒灌強(qiáng)度的主要因素."五河"來水與長江干流的流量比可用來判別與指示倒灌發(fā)生與否.當(dāng)流量比低于約5%時,倒灌可能發(fā)生且最大發(fā)生概率可達(dá)25%;當(dāng)流量比高于10%時,倒灌發(fā)生概率則低于2%.水動力模擬結(jié)果表明,倒灌對湖區(qū)水位與流速的影響向湖區(qū)中上游逐漸減弱,湖泊水位和流速受影響最為顯著的區(qū)域主要分布在貫穿整個湖區(qū)的主河道,而淺水洪泛區(qū)的水位和流速則受倒灌影響相對較小.倒灌使得湖泊空間水位提高約0.2~1.5 m,湖泊主河道的流速增加幅度可達(dá)0.3 m/s.粒子示蹤結(jié)果表明,倒灌導(dǎo)致湖區(qū)水流流向轉(zhuǎn)變約90°~180°,倒灌導(dǎo)致的水流流向變化能夠使湖區(qū)大部分粒子或物質(zhì)向上游遷移約幾千米至20 km,且粒子在下游主河道的遷移距離要明顯大于中上游洪泛區(qū).
[Abstract]:Inverted irrigation is an important physical process that occurs at the intersection of lakes and surrounding water bodies, which has serious influence or interference on the hydrohydrodynamics and water environment of lakes. In this paper, statistical method and two-dimensional hydrodynamic particle tracer coupling model are used to analyze the physical origin of backwater irrigation. The statistics show that the runoff of "five rivers" into the lake, the runoff situation of the main stream of the Yangtze River and the superposition of the two factors are the influencing factors of the inverted irrigation. However, the runoff situation of the Yangtze River main stream is the main factor that affects or controls the frequency and intensity of the inverted irrigation. The flow ratio of the incoming water to the main stream of the Yangtze River can be used to judge and indicate the occurrence or not of the backwater irrigation, when the flow ratio is lower than about 5. The maximum probability of reflux may be up to 25. When the discharge ratio is higher than 10, the probability of inverted irrigation is lower than 2. The hydrodynamic simulation results show that the effect of inverted irrigation on the water level and velocity of lake area is gradually weakened to the upper and middle reaches of lake area. The area where the water level and velocity of the lake are most affected is mainly distributed in the main river course which runs through the whole lake area. However, the water level and velocity of water in shallow floodplain area are relatively less affected by backwater irrigation, which increases the water level of lake space by about 0.2 ~ 1.5 m. The flow velocity of the main channel of the lake can increase by 0.3 m / s. The results of particle tracing show that the flow direction of the lake is changed by 90 擄~ 180 擄. The change of flow direction caused by backwater can make most particles or matter move upstream from several kilometers to 20 km, and the migration distance of particles in the downstream main channel is obviously larger than that in the middle and upper reaches of floodplain.
【作者單位】： 中國科學(xué)院南京地理與湖泊研究所流域地理學(xué)重點(diǎn)實驗室;江西師范大學(xué)鄱陽湖濕地與流域研究教育部重點(diǎn)實驗室;
【基金】：江西省重大生態(tài)安全問題監(jiān)控協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心項目(JXS-EW-00) 國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41401031,41371062,41301023)聯(lián)合資助
【分類號】：P343.3;X143
【正文快照】： 湖泊是全球陸地水系統(tǒng)中極為重要的組分,因其具有豐富的地表水資源和高度的生態(tài)價值,湖泊是人們休閑娛樂、工農(nóng)業(yè)用水和發(fā)展?jié)O業(yè)的重要場所,也是眾多生物群賴以生存的必需環(huán)境[1].世界上很多大型湖泊通過自然或者人工連通與其周圍水體(例如河流、海洋等)存在復(fù)雜的水力聯(lián)系[2]，

本文編號：1444191