本文關(guān)鍵詞：EDTA強(qiáng)化鹽生植物修復(fù)Pb、Cd與次生鹽漬化復(fù)合污染土壤　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 土壤修復(fù) 次生鹽漬化 重金屬 鹽生植物 EDTA

【摘要】：設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)是隨農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和種植結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整發(fā)展起來(lái)的新型產(chǎn)業(yè)。目前,我國(guó)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)面積約為400萬(wàn)hm2,其中設(shè)施菜地占設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)總面積的95%以上。2010年我國(guó)設(shè)施蔬菜總產(chǎn)量超過(guò)1.7億噸,占蔬菜總產(chǎn)量的25%。在設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,盲目施肥與過(guò)度灌溉會(huì)引起土壤板結(jié)、次生鹽漬化等問(wèn)題,特別是土壤酸化會(huì)提高重金屬在土壤中的遷移性,進(jìn)而加劇重金屬在土壤中的積累,其中設(shè)施土壤重金屬污染以Pb、Cd較為突出。設(shè)施土壤次生鹽漬化和重金屬積累會(huì)降低農(nóng)產(chǎn)品品質(zhì),甚至危害人體健康,阻礙設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,修復(fù)重金屬與次生鹽漬化復(fù)合污染土壤是設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中亟待解決的問(wèn)題。目前,鹽漬土的修復(fù)主要有工程措施、化學(xué)措施、生物措施和農(nóng)業(yè)措施,雖取得一定成效,但還存在修復(fù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、成本高或效率低等問(wèn)題;重金屬污染土壤的修復(fù)技術(shù)主要有客土法、熱處理法、電動(dòng)修復(fù)法、植物修復(fù)法、化學(xué)固定法和淋洗法等,這些方法投資大、運(yùn)行成本高或容易造成二次污染。鹽生植物的脫鹽能力強(qiáng),一些鹽生植物還對(duì)重金屬表現(xiàn)出一定的富集能力,對(duì)于修復(fù)重金屬污染的土壤表現(xiàn)出一定潛力。另一方面,螯合劑可以提高土壤中重金屬的生物有效性,結(jié)合植物修復(fù)能夠提高重金屬的去除率,其中EDTA被廣泛用于強(qiáng)化植物修復(fù)重金屬污染土壤,并取得較好的修復(fù)效果。因此,應(yīng)用EDTA強(qiáng)化鹽生植物修復(fù)重金屬與鹽漬化復(fù)合污染土壤值得進(jìn)一步探討。目前,修復(fù)重金屬與次生鹽漬化復(fù)合污染土壤的研究較少,采用EDTA強(qiáng)化鹽生植物的修復(fù)研究更少見(jiàn)報(bào)道。為此,本文采用盆栽試驗(yàn),考察景天三七、翅堿蓬和紫花苜蓿對(duì)模擬鹽漬土中陰離子(NO3-、Cl-、SO42-)的去除效果,篩選出可有效去除鹽分陰離子的鹽生植物;考察添加和不添加EDTA時(shí)3種植物對(duì)模擬Pb、Cd污染土壤的修復(fù)效果,篩選出可有效去除Pb、Cd的鹽生植物和EDTA添加水平;在此基礎(chǔ)之上,采用EDTA強(qiáng)化鹽生植物修復(fù)Pb、Cd污染鹽漬土,并應(yīng)用于實(shí)際污染土壤的修復(fù)研究。取得如下主要研究結(jié)果:1.移栽鹽生植物70 d,對(duì)模擬鹽漬土中鹽分陰離子(NO3-、SO42-、Cl-)的去除實(shí)驗(yàn)表明:在土壤鹽度為0.15%時(shí),3種植物的生物量都高于對(duì)照,景天三七對(duì)NO3-的去除率達(dá)到68.56%,紫花苜蓿對(duì)SO42-和Cl-的去除率分別達(dá)到53.46%和66.42%。在土壤鹽度為0.45%時(shí),翅堿蓬的生物量高于對(duì)照,而另兩種鹽生植物的生物量都低于對(duì)照,景天三七對(duì)NO3-、SO42-和Cl-的去除率分別為68.36%、47.36%和57.38%。在土壤鹽度鹽度為0.75%時(shí),紫花苜蓿不能存活,景天三七的生長(zhǎng)受到抑制,而翅堿蓬的生物量高于對(duì)照;景天三七對(duì)NO3-的去除率為35.68%,翅堿蓬對(duì)SO42-和Cl-的去除率分別為31.83%和31.25%。說(shuō)明中低鹽度水平下景天三七對(duì)鹽分陰離子的去除效果最好,而在高鹽度時(shí)翅堿蓬對(duì)鹽分陰離子的去除效果更好。2.移栽鹽生植物70 d,對(duì)模擬重金屬污染土壤中Pb、Cd的去除實(shí)驗(yàn)表明:在考察的Pb、Cd含量水平下,土壤中的Pb、Cd幾乎不影響3種鹽生植物的生長(zhǎng)。景天三七對(duì)輕度、中度和重度污染土壤中的Pb、Cd均表現(xiàn)出較高的去除效率,且對(duì)Cd的去除率略高于Pb;添加EDTA有利于提高土壤中Pb、Cd的去除率和植物對(duì)Pb、Cd的積累量,當(dāng)EDTA的添加水平為4 mmol/kg土?xí)r,輕度、中度和重度污染土壤中Pb的去除率分別達(dá)到30.84%、32.59%和28.78%,Cd的去除率分別達(dá)到34.22%、36.47%和35.83%。添加EDTA后,3種鹽生植物對(duì)Pb、Cd的富集系數(shù)和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)系數(shù)都有不同程度的增加,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明添加EDTA可以提高土壤中Pb、Cd的去除效率,以添加4 mmol/kg EDTA的效果最好,又以景天三七對(duì)Pb、Cd的富集積累能力最強(qiáng)。3.移栽翅堿蓬和景天三七70 d,對(duì)模擬重金屬與次生鹽漬化復(fù)合污染土壤的修復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明:在土壤鹽度為0.15%時(shí),兩種植物的生物量均高于對(duì)照;在土壤鹽度為0.45%和0.75%時(shí),翅堿蓬的生物量高于對(duì)照,而景天三七的生物量低于對(duì)照。景天三七對(duì)低鹽度土壤中NO3-、SO42-、Cl-的去除率分別達(dá)到71.23%、51.67%和58.27%;對(duì)于高鹽度土壤,景天三七對(duì)NO3-的去除率為37.42%,翅堿蓬對(duì)SO42-和Cl-的去除率分別為31.83%和31.68%。景天三七對(duì)對(duì)輕度、中度和重度污染土壤中Pb的去除率分別為41.37%、41.21%和38.56%,對(duì)Cd的去除率分別為47.25%、45.67%和45.39%。景天三七對(duì)Pb、Cd的富集系數(shù)和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)系數(shù)較大,高鹽度時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)下降。土壤鹽度越大,翅堿蓬和景天三七對(duì)Pb、Cd去除效果越好。分析植物生理生化指標(biāo)(葉綠素、脯氨酸、丙二醛、SOD活性)發(fā)現(xiàn):隨著土壤鹽度增大,景天三七受脅迫反映更加強(qiáng)烈,而翅堿蓬則沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出受脅迫癥狀;同一鹽度水平下,Pb、Cd濃度變化對(duì)植物的生長(zhǎng)影響不明顯。4.用EDTA強(qiáng)化景天三七修復(fù)實(shí)際污染土壤,獲得土壤中NO3-、SO42-和Cl-的去除率分別為59.22%、42.11%和51.65%,Pb、Cd的去除率分別為37.87%和41.61%,景天三七地上部Pb、Cd含量分別為486和5.16 mg/kg干重,對(duì)土壤中Pb、Cd和鹽分陰離子都有較好的去除效果,可以有效修復(fù)重金屬與鹽漬化復(fù)合污染土壤。
[Abstract]:Facility agriculture is a new industry with agricultural modernization and the adjustment of planting structure development. At present, our country agriculture area is about 4 million Hm2, which accounted for more than the total area of greenhouse facility agriculture in China.2010 95% vegetable total output of more than 1.7 tons, accounting for the total amount of 25%. in the vegetable production facilities in agricultural production. Blind fertilization and excessive irrigation will cause soil compaction, secondary salinization problems, especially soil acidification will increase the mobility of heavy metals in the soil, thereby increasing the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, the soil heavy metal pollution facilities in Pb, Cd is more prominent. The soil salinization and accumulation of heavy metals will reduce the quality of agricultural products, and even harm to human health, hinder the sustainable development of agriculture facilities, remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil and salinization is an urgent problem in agricultural production. Before the repair of saline soil are the main engineering measures, chemical measures, biological measures and agricultural measures, although achieved some success, but there are still a long time to repair, high cost or low efficiency; remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil are the main soil method, heat treatment method, electric repair method, phytoremediation, chemical fixation and leaching method, the method of large investment, high operation cost and easy to cause two pollution. Halophyte desalting ability, some halophytes of heavy metals showed enrichment ability, for the remediation of soil heavy metal pollution showed some potential. On the other hand, chelating agent can improve the biological the effectiveness of heavy metals in soil, combined with phytoremediation can improve the removal rate of heavy metal, which EDTA is widely used to strengthen phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, and achieve better repair effect. Therefore, the application of ED TA enhanced salt plant remediation of heavy metals contaminated soil salinization and composite is worthy of further study. At present, research on remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil secondary salinization and less, strengthened by EDTA repair of halophytes more rarely reported. Therefore, the pot experiment, effects of Sedum 37, Suaeda Heteroptera and alfalfa on saline anion simulation the soil (NO3-, Cl-, SO42-) removal, screening can effectively remove salt anionic halophytes; study with and without EDTA on the simulation of Pb 3 plants, Cd contaminated soil repair effect, screening can effectively remove Pb, Cd and EDTA levels of halophytes; on this basis, using EDTA to strengthen the halophytes repair Pb, Cd pollution remediation of saline soil, and applied to the actual contaminated soil. Obtains main results as follows: 1. transplanting halophytes 70 D, to simulate the salt Saline soil salt anionic (NO3-, SO42-, Cl-) showed that the removal experiment in soil salinity was 0.15%, the biomass of 3 species of Sedum were higher than the control, 37 removal rate of NO3- reached 68.56%, alfalfa on the SO42- and Cl- removal rate reached 53.46% and 66.42%. in the soil salinity is 0.45% the biomass, S.heteroptera was higher than that in the control, and the other two species of halophyte biomass were lower than the control, Sedum 37 pairs of NO3-, SO42- and Cl- removal rates were 68.36%, 47.36% and 57.38%. in the soil salinity at a salinity of 0.75%, alfalfa cannot survive, Sedum 37 inhibited the growth of biological the amount of suaedasalsa is higher than that of control; Sedum 37 the removal rate of NO3- was 35.68%, SO42- of Suaeda salsa and Cl- removal rates were 31.83% and 31.25%. showed low salinity levels of salinity 37 Sedum anion removal effect is best, while in high salinity When suaedasalsa to salt anion removal effect of.2. is better transplanting of halophytes is 70 D, the simulation of heavy metal pollution in soil Pb, showed that the Cd removal experiment: in the study of Pb, Cd content, soil Pb, Cd almost does not affect the 3 halophytes growth. 37 of Sedum mild. Moderate and severe pollution in soil Pb, Cd showed higher removal efficiency, and the removal rate of Cd was slightly higher than that of Pb; adding EDTA can improve the soil Pb, the removal rate of Cd and Pb in plants, the accumulation of Cd, when the addition level of EDTA was 4 mmol/kg soil, mild. Moderate and severe pollution in soil Pb removal rate reached 30.84%, 32.59% and 28.78%, the removal rate of Cd reached 34.22%, 36.47% and 35.83%. after the addition of EDTA, 3 species of halophytes on Pb, the coefficient of enrichment coefficient and translocation of Cd have varying degrees of increase, further addition of EDTA can improve the soil Pb in soil, the removal efficiency of Cd, with the addition of 4 mmol/kg EDTA had the best effect, and in 37 Sedum on Pb, Cd accumulation capacity of the strongest.3. transplanting of Suaeda salsa and Sedum 37 70 D, showed that the repair of experimental simulation of heavy metals and the secondary salinization of soil contaminated by soil salinity in 0.15%, biomass the two plants were higher than that of the control; in the soil salinity of 0.45% and 0.75%, the biomass of suaedasalsa is higher than that of control, while the biomass of Sedum 37 lower than that of the control. 37 Sedum on NO3-, low salinity in soil SO42-, Cl- removal rate reached 71.23%, 51.67% and 58.27%; for the high salinity soil, Sedum 37 the removal rate of NO3- was 37.42%, SO42- of Suaeda salsa and Cl- removal rates were 31.83% and 31.68%. of 37 Sedum of mild, moderate and severe pollution in soil and the removal rate of Pb was 41.37%, 41.21% and 38.56%, the removal rate of Cd points For 47.25%, 45.67% and 37 45.39%. Pb Cd of Sedum, enrichment coefficient and transfer coefficient is larger, will decline at high salinity. Soil salinity increasing, and 37 Pb of Sedum suaedasalsa Cd, better removal efficiency. The analysis of plant physiological and biochemical indexes (chlorophyll, proline, C two aldehyde, SOD activity found) with the increase of soil salinity, Sedum 37 stress reflect more strongly, while suaedasalsa showed no symptoms of stress; the same level of salinity, Pb, effect of Cd concentration on the growth of plants was improved by EDTA.4. 37 repair Sedum actual contaminated soil, soil NO3-, SO42- and Cl- the removal rates were 59.22%, 42.11% and 51.65% Pb, the removal rate of Cd were 37.87% and 41.61%, 37 Sedum shoot Pb, Cd content were 486 and 5.16 mg/kg dry weight of soil, Pb, Cd and salt Yin has better removal effect from the child, can Effective remediation of heavy metal and salinization compound contaminated soil.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X53;X173

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