發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-14 19:38

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：浙江省不銹鋼酸洗行業(yè)環(huán)境污染控制及資源循環(huán)利用研究　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 危險(xiǎn)廢物 環(huán)境管理 不銹鋼酸洗 資源循環(huán)利用 冷凍結(jié)晶

【摘要】：本文針對(duì)浙江省表面處理行業(yè)危險(xiǎn)廢物的來源、性質(zhì)、管理和處置現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,對(duì)現(xiàn)有的管理措施和處置技術(shù)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),提出相應(yīng)的策略。不銹鋼加工是表面處理行業(yè)重要的組成部分,浙江省是我國(guó)重要的不銹鋼生產(chǎn)省份,酸洗廢液是危險(xiǎn)廢物的主要來源。通過深入剖析不銹鋼酸洗加工行業(yè)存在的環(huán)境污染問題,研究危險(xiǎn)廢物的來源、組成及處置措施,提出行業(yè)綜合治理工藝方案和建議措施。采用兩級(jí)吸收還原工藝可滿足NOx達(dá)標(biāo)排放,生產(chǎn)酸洗廢水收集后采用“二級(jí)物化+一級(jí)氧化+砂濾”處理組合工藝對(duì)廢水進(jìn)行深度處理,然后回用至生產(chǎn)車間,實(shí)現(xiàn)水資源的循環(huán)利用,同時(shí)也滿足一級(jí)排放要求。采用減壓蒸餾發(fā)對(duì)廢酸液進(jìn)行酸再生回收,實(shí)現(xiàn)廢酸液的循環(huán)再利用,減少后續(xù)中和藥劑的消耗及危廢的產(chǎn)生量。研發(fā)環(huán)保型酸洗抑霧劑解決酸霧、黃煙等環(huán)境問題,NOx和NO濃度瞬時(shí)濃度分別降低了 85%和84%,穩(wěn)定濃度降至40mg/Nm3和18mg/Nm3,而車間濃度降至3mg/Nm3和1mg/Nm3,分別下降了 90%和94%;添加抑霧劑之后,酸洗液表面一直被致密的泡沫層所覆蓋,除了減少酸霧的揮發(fā)之外,同時(shí)也可以減少熱量的損失,良好的保溫效果可以大大減少蒸汽量,提高酸洗速率。通過進(jìn)一步開發(fā)基于雙氧水的Fenton氧化綠色酸洗新工藝,徹底解決酸洗行業(yè)NOx超標(biāo),廢水總氮難以達(dá)標(biāo)、污泥量大等環(huán)境難題,通過回收廢酸洗液中的金屬制備硫酸亞鐵副產(chǎn)品,同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)廢酸的循環(huán)利用,實(shí)現(xiàn)不銹鋼行業(yè)的健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)表明對(duì)常見幾種不銹鋼的酸洗時(shí)間為30～60min,酸洗之后鋼材表面潔凈且光亮,產(chǎn)品基本能滿足相關(guān)質(zhì)量要求,平均得率97.9%。結(jié)晶體主要成分為FeSO4·7H20,結(jié)晶率大約為61.2%,鎳的含量為4.99%,若除去結(jié)晶水鎳的含量將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于5%,達(dá)到廢物出售回收的要求。此時(shí)酸液中的金屬濃度為17%,硫酸濃度為28%,該酸液可以直接返回到酸洗槽,通過調(diào)節(jié)HF濃度后可以繼續(xù)進(jìn)行酸洗。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the source, nature, management and disposal status of hazardous waste in surface treatment industry in Zhejiang Province are analyzed, and the existing management measures and disposal technology are evaluated. Stainless steel processing is an important part of surface treatment industry and Zhejiang Province is an important province of stainless steel production in China. Acid pickling waste liquid is the main source of hazardous waste. Through in-depth analysis of environmental pollution problems in stainless steel pickling processing industry, the source, composition and disposal measures of hazardous waste are studied. The comprehensive treatment process scheme and suggestion measures are put forward. Adopting two-stage absorption reduction process can meet the discharge standard of NOx. After the pickling wastewater was collected, the wastewater was treated with the combined process of "secondary physicochemical primary oxidation sand filter", and then reused to the production workshop to realize the recycling of water resources. At the same time, it also meets the requirement of the first class discharge. The waste acid is recycled by vacuum distillation to realize the recycling of the waste acid. To reduce the consumption of subsequent neutralization chemicals and the production of hazardous waste. The instantaneous concentration of no _ x and no _ x decreased by 85% and 84% respectively to solve the environmental problems such as acid mist and yellow smoke. The steady concentration decreased to 40 mg / Nm3 and 18 mg / Nm3, while the workshop concentration decreased to 3 mg / Nm3 and 1 mg / Nm3, which decreased by 90% and 94, respectively. After adding the anti-fogging agent, the surface of the acid lotion has been covered by a dense foam layer. Besides reducing the volatilization of the acid mist, it can also reduce the loss of heat, and the good heat preservation effect can greatly reduce the amount of steam. Through the further development of Fenton oxidation green pickling process based on hydrogen peroxide, the environmental problems such as NOx exceeding the standard, the total nitrogen of wastewater is difficult to reach the standard, and the amount of sludge is large are solved thoroughly. Ferrous sulfate by-product was prepared by recovering metal from waste acid washing liquid, and recycling of waste acid was realized at the same time. The field test shows that the pickling time of several common stainless steels is 30 ~ 60 min, and the steel surface is clean and bright after pickling. The average yield of the product is 97.99.The main component of the crystal is FeSO4 路7H20, the crystallization rate is about 61.2, and the content of nickel is 4.99%. If the content of nickel crystal is much higher than that of 5%, it can reach the requirement of waste sale and recovery. At this time, the concentration of metal in the acid solution is 17, and the concentration of sulfuric acid is 28. The acid can be directly returned to the pickling tank. Acid pickling can be continued by adjusting HF concentration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X757;TG174.4

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