本文關鍵詞：長江武漢江段磷垂向分布規(guī)律研究　出處：《長江科學院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 長江 懸沙 顆粒磷 垂向分布 磷通量

【摘要】：河流水體中的磷是水生生物生長和繁殖所需的必備元素,其輸移的連續(xù)性對維持流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康和穩(wěn)定具有不可替代的作用。長江中游河段水體中磷大多以顆粒磷形式存在,具有垂向分布不均勻性特征。長江上游大型水庫修建,攔截了大量泥沙,導致中游懸沙含量減小,懸沙濃度垂向分布發(fā)生變化,與懸沙關系密切的顆粒磷垂向分布也發(fā)生變化,磷垂向分布的變化會對長江中游河段水生生物的棲息環(huán)境產(chǎn)生影響,長江為大江大河,河道斷面較大,斷面表層和底層的懸沙濃度、磷濃度有一定差異。因此,有必要針對河流水體磷濃度垂向分布開展深入研究,并在此基礎上進一步研究河流磷通量的計算方法,為準確掌握水庫工程對河流營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)傳輸影響提供科學依據(jù)。本文以長江中游典型河段武漢江段中磷為研究對象,通過現(xiàn)場調(diào)查,研究了磷垂向分布特征和現(xiàn)狀;篩選了長江中游武漢江段懸沙垂向分布公式,并引入顆粒磷濃度與懸沙的定量關系式,建立了武漢江段中顆粒磷和總磷濃度垂向分布計算模型;根據(jù)河流磷的垂向分布,建立了磷通量計算方法。本文主要結論如下:(1)根據(jù)長江中游武漢江段懸沙實測調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)分析顯示,無論豐、平水期,武漢江段懸沙濃度和泥沙粒徑垂向上隨水深增加呈增大趨勢。其中懸沙濃度垂向增幅為3.93%-52.6%,懸沙粒徑垂向增幅相對較小,大都在3.6%-13.06%。(2)根據(jù)長江中游武漢江段磷實測調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)分析顯示,無論豐、平水期,武漢江段總磷和顆粒磷在垂向上呈增大趨勢,溶解磷在垂向上分布較均勻。武漢江段總磷濃度為0.071-0.223mg/L,垂向增幅為6.5%-82.9%;顆粒磷濃度為0.031-0.178mg/L,垂向增幅為4.1%-85.5%;溶解磷濃度為0.021-0.128mg/L,垂向上分布較均勻。(3)長江中游懸沙垂向分布模型采用Rouse公式,利用武漢江段懸沙實測數(shù)據(jù)擬合,該模型公式?jīng)Q定系數(shù)達到0.945,擬合精度較高。(4)以Langmuir吸附等溫式為基礎,利用武漢江段顆粒磷與懸沙濃度的實測值,擬合得到顆粒磷與懸沙濃度的定量關系式,與上述懸沙垂向分布模型公式相結合,推導出長江中游顆粒磷與總磷垂向分布模型公式,該公式計算值與實測值相對誤差為1.4%-25.1%,精度相對較高。(5)在總磷垂向分布計算模型基礎上,進一步推導出長江中游武漢江段磷通量計算模型公式。該公式計算值與實測值相對誤差為0.3%-11.1%,磷通量計算精度較高。
[Abstract]:Phosphorus in river water is an essential element for the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms. The continuity of transport plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the health and stability of the watershed ecosystem. The phosphorus in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River exists mostly in the form of particulate phosphorus. The large reservoir in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River intercepts a large amount of sediment, which leads to the decrease of suspended sediment content in the middle reaches and the change of vertical distribution of suspended sediment concentration. The vertical distribution of particulate phosphorus which is closely related to suspended sediment also changes. The change of vertical distribution of phosphorus will affect the habitat of aquatic organisms in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River is a big river with a large river section. There are some differences in suspended sediment concentration and phosphorus concentration between the surface and bottom layers of the section. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the vertical distribution of phosphorus concentration in river water, and further study the calculation method of river phosphorus flux. In order to provide a scientific basis for accurately understanding the effects of reservoir engineering on the transport of nutrients in rivers, this paper takes the phosphorus in the typical reach of Wuhan in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as the research object and makes a field investigation. The characteristics and present situation of phosphorus vertical distribution were studied. The vertical distribution formula of suspended sediment in Wuhan reach in the middle reaches of Yangtze River was selected, and the formula of quantitative relationship between particulate phosphorus concentration and suspended sediment was introduced, and the vertical distribution model of particulate phosphorus and total phosphorus concentration was established. According to the vertical distribution of phosphorus in the river, the calculation method of phosphorus flux is established. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1) according to the survey data of suspended sediment in Wuhan reach of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, it is found that there is no matter whether it is abundant or flat. The vertical increase of suspended sediment concentration and sediment particle size in Wuhan reach shows an increasing trend with the increase of water depth, and the vertical increase of suspended sediment concentration is 3.93-52.6, and the vertical increase of suspended sediment particle size is relatively small. Most of them are in 3.6- 13.060.2.According to the survey data of phosphorus in Wuhan section in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the results show that the total phosphorus and particulate phosphorus of Wuhan reach are increasing in vertical direction, no matter if they are abundant or flat. The total phosphorus concentration in Wuhan reaches 0.071-0.223mg / L, and the vertical increase is 6.5- 82.9; The particle phosphorus concentration was 0.031-0.178 mg / L, and the vertical increase was 4.1-85.5; The concentration of dissolved phosphorus is 0.021-0.128 mg / L, and the vertical distribution of suspended sediment in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is more uniform. The Rouse formula is used in the vertical distribution model of suspended sediment in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. According to the measured data of suspended sediment in Wuhan reach, the determination coefficient of the model is 0.945, and the fitting precision is high. 4) based on the isothermal equation of Langmuir adsorption. Based on the measured values of particulate phosphorus and suspended sediment concentration in Wuhan, the quantitative relationship between particulate phosphorus and suspended sediment concentration is obtained, which is combined with the vertical distribution model of suspended sediment. The vertical distribution formula of particulate phosphorus and total phosphorus in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is derived. The relative error between the calculated value and the measured value is 1.4% -25.1%. The accuracy is relatively high. 5) based on the vertical distribution model of total phosphorus. A formula for calculating phosphorus flux in Wuhan reach of the middle reaches of Yangtze River is derived. The relative error between the calculated value and the measured value is 0.3-11.1, and the calculation accuracy of phosphorus flux is high.
【學位授予單位】：長江科學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P342;X143

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