發(fā)布時間：2018-01-05 20:05

  本文關鍵詞：鄭州市大氣典型污染過程研究　出處：《鄭州大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： PM_(2.5) 化學組分 數濃度 二次氣溶膠 粒徑分布

【摘要】：隨著經濟的發(fā)展和快速的城市化進程,人們面臨的環(huán)境污染問題日益突出,大氣污染問題已嚴重影響人們的生產、生活。鄭州市作為中原經濟區(qū)核心城市,同樣面臨著嚴重的空氣污染問題。鄭州市位于京津冀南部是華北區(qū)域霧霾污染邊界區(qū)域。通過對鄭州市不同排放過程污染特征及顆粒物特征分析,為政府制定合理的減排措施提供理論依據。本研究在2014年和2015年期間共選擇三次典型污染過程。第一次,在2014年冬季選取河南省中牟縣郊區(qū)采樣點進行綜合觀測;第二次,2015年9月3日閱兵減排期間鄭州大學采樣點觀測;第三次,2015年冬季雪后重污染過程鄭州大學采樣點觀測。從化學組分,粒徑分布,數譜特征及氣象條件等方面對污染過程進行分析,分析污染來源及消散機制。中牟觀測期間PM_(2.5)最大小時濃度達到560μg/m3,表明在城市郊區(qū)同樣面臨著嚴重的大氣污染問題,通過顆粒物粒徑分布和化學組分分析表明中牟郊區(qū)大氣污染主要受到揚塵及傳輸影響。對中牟郊區(qū)金屬元素粒徑分布分析表明元素更易積聚在在細粒子中,且大多數有毒重金屬元素富集因子最大值在小于1微米的粒徑中。對閱兵減排期間空氣質量分析結果表明,通過各項減排措施鄭州市空氣質量得到明顯改善。其中PM10質量濃度同比2014年下降了14.1%,但O_3明顯高于2013年和2014年同期水平。表明顆粒物污染雖得到明顯控制,但光化學煙霧問題開始顯現。對閱兵減排期間化學組分分析發(fā)現二次無機離子SO_4~(2-)、NH_4~+和NO_3~-占總水溶性離子的90%以上,是主要的顆粒物組成部分。降雪過后積雪覆蓋條件下揚塵貢獻幾乎可以忽略,雪后污染過程的發(fā)生與二次氣溶膠生成有關。分析結果表明閱兵減排期間與雪后污染過程中二次組分生成機制不同,減排期間主要是由光化學過程造成,而雪后污染過程則主要通過液相化學反應生成。在雪后觀測期間小時PM_(2.5)濃度最大值超過600μg/m3,重污染天二次離子占總水溶性離子達96%。通過分析發(fā)現在重污染過程中高的NH3排放可加劇霧霾污染過程的惡化。對不同污染過程下的氣象條件分析發(fā)現,顆粒物質量濃度均與風速呈負相關,與濕度呈正相關。氣象條件在短期內對污染物的積聚和消散起重要作用。通過對三次典型污染過程分析發(fā)現二次污染問題已經成為目前面臨的主要大氣污染問題,在改善空氣質量的過程中,控制一次排放源的同時還應加強對二次污染前體物的控制。在不同的污染過程中,應采取不同的控制措施以達到最佳減排效果。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the rapid process of urbanization, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more prominent. The problem of air pollution has seriously affected people's production and life. Zhengzhou City is the core city of Central Plains Economic Zone. Zhengzhou is located in the southern part of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, which is the boundary area of haze pollution in North China. The pollution characteristics and particulates characteristics of different emission processes in Zhengzhou are analyzed. To provide the theoretical basis for the government to formulate reasonable emission reduction measures. This study selected three typical pollution processes between 2014 and 2015. The first time. In the winter of 2014, the sampling sites in the suburbs of Zhongmu County, Henan Province were selected for comprehensive observation. Second, Zhengzhou University sampling site observation during September 3rd 2015 parade emission reduction; The third, winter heavy pollution process in 2015. The pollution process was analyzed from the aspects of chemical composition, particle size distribution, spectral characteristics and meteorological conditions. Analysis of pollution sources and dissipating mechanism. During the observation period of Zhongmu, the maximum hourly concentration of PMMAL reached 560 渭 g / m ~ (3), which indicated that the urban suburbs were also faced with serious air pollution problems. The particle size distribution and chemical composition analysis showed that the air pollution in Zhongmu suburb was mainly affected by dust and transport, and the particle size distribution of metal elements in Zhongmu suburb was easier to accumulate in fine particles. The maximum concentration factor of most toxic heavy metal elements was less than 1 micron. The results of air quality analysis during the parade showed that the concentration factor of most toxic heavy metal elements was less than 1 micron. The air quality of Zhengzhou City has been improved obviously through various emission reduction measures, in which the mass concentration of PM10 has decreased by 14.1% compared with 2014. However, the level of O _ (3) was significantly higher than that of 2013 and 2014, which indicated that the pollution of particulate matter was obviously controlled. However, the problem of photochemical smog began to appear. The analysis of chemical components during the parade showed that the secondary inorganic ion SO4T was 2-2). NH4- and NO3- account for more than 90% of the total water-soluble ions, which are the main components of particulate matter. The results show that the mechanism of secondary component formation during the parade emission reduction process is different from that in the snow pollution process, and the emission reduction period is mainly caused by photochemical process. However, the pollution process after snow is mainly produced by liquid phase chemical reaction. During the observation period, the maximum concentration of PMS 2.5) exceeds 600 渭 g / m ~ 3. The secondary ions account for 96% of the total water-soluble ions in heavy pollution. It is found that high NH3 emission in heavy pollution process can aggravate the deterioration of haze pollution process. . The mass concentration of particulate matter was negatively correlated with wind speed. Meteorological conditions play an important role in the accumulation and dissipation of pollutants in a short period of time. Through the analysis of three typical pollution processes, it is found that secondary pollution has become the main atmospheric pollution problem. . In the process of improving air quality, the control of primary emission sources should be strengthened while the secondary pollution precursors should be controlled. In different pollution processes, different control measures should be taken to achieve the best emission reduction effect.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X51

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