本文關(guān)鍵詞：“彩糯868”和“紫糯66”兩種糯玉米適應(yīng)低氮、磷營(yíng)養(yǎng)脅迫及其機(jī)制研究　出處：《重慶三峽學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化 農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染 彩糯868和紫糯66 低氮低磷營(yíng)養(yǎng)脅迫 生理生化指標(biāo)

【摘要】：河流、湖泊等水體的富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化成為世界關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),是水污染治理的重要難題。導(dǎo)致水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化的成因很多,如工業(yè)廢水、生活污水的集中排放,農(nóng)業(yè)中化肥的增施以及流失均能造成水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)問題的產(chǎn)生。因此,治理水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化成為水質(zhì)改善亟待解決的問題。為解決這一難題,過去主要集中在治理點(diǎn)污染源,但水質(zhì)狀況仍每況愈下,研究者們把關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的控制以及治理上,除了從源頭上減少氮肥磷肥的施用量外,耐低營(yíng)養(yǎng)脅迫植物的使用也可以有效地控制農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染問題。本論文主要是比較彩糯868和紫糯66糯玉米品種耐低營(yíng)養(yǎng)脅迫的能力,以及研究低營(yíng)養(yǎng)脅迫對(duì)兩個(gè)品種糯玉米形態(tài)以及生理生化的影響。經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究以及數(shù)據(jù)分析得出以下結(jié)論:(1)隨著低氮磷營(yíng)養(yǎng)脅迫的增加,彩糯868糯玉米品種的干重先增加后降低,而紫糯66糯玉米品種的干重都降低。氮磷營(yíng)養(yǎng)脅迫條件都使彩糯868和紫糯66的主根長(zhǎng)度和根系活力降低,根冠比和側(cè)根數(shù)增加。而隨著低氮磷營(yíng)養(yǎng)脅迫的增加,紫糯66根系活力先增加后降低。彩糯868的形態(tài)指標(biāo)以及根系活力受到低營(yíng)養(yǎng)脅迫的影響明顯小于紫糯66。(2)隨著低營(yíng)養(yǎng)脅迫程度的增加,彩糯868和紫糯66糯玉米品種的丙二醛、輔氨酸含量而增加,而可溶性糖含量降低。低氮磷脅迫對(duì)彩糯868品種的可溶性糖含量的影響要大于對(duì)紫糯66品種的影響。(3)低氮磷脅迫后彩糯868和紫糯66品種糯玉米的過氧化氫酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性都增加。當(dāng)?shù)蛄撞蛔?隨著磷或者氮比例下降,彩糯868過氧化物酶活性呈現(xiàn)先增加后下降的趨勢(shì)。紫糯66葉片中過氧化物酶活性受低氮磷脅迫的影響而增加。彩糯868品種的過氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶受到脅迫的影響較紫糯66品種小一些。(4)彩糯868和紫糯66兩種玉米幼苗葉片的酸性磷酸酯酶活性均隨低氮磷脅迫的加重而增加,缺磷對(duì)酸性磷酸酶的活性的影響大于缺氮對(duì)酸性磷酸酯酶活性的影響。兩種玉米幼苗葉片的硝酸還原酶活性均隨低氮磷脅迫的增加而降低,低氮脅迫對(duì)硝酸還原酶活性的影響遠(yuǎn)大于低磷脅迫。彩糯868品種的酸性磷酸酶酶和硝酸還原酶活性受到脅迫的影響較紫糯66品種比大。(5)彩糯868和紫糯66糯玉米葉綠素含量隨著磷或者氮元素的比例下降而減慢,氮元素缺乏對(duì)葉綠素含量的影響大于磷元素缺乏的影響,彩糯868品種的葉綠素含量受到脅迫的影響較紫糯66品種小。(6)彩糯868和紫糯66糯玉米的蒸騰速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度和凈光合速率均隨著磷或者氮元素的比例下降而降低,氮元素缺乏的影響大于磷元素缺乏的影響,彩糯868品種的蒸騰速率和凈光合速率受到脅迫的影響較紫糯66品種小,而蒸騰速率受到脅迫的影響較紫糯66品種大一些。
[Abstract]:The eutrophication of rivers and lakes has become the focus of attention in the world, and it is an important problem for the treatment of water pollution. There are many causes for water eutrophication, such as the centralized discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, the increase and loss of chemical fertilizers in agriculture can cause the problem of eutrophication of water body. Therefore, the treatment of water eutrophication has become an urgent problem for water quality improvement. In order to solve this problem, in the past mainly in the control of the point pollution source, but the water situation is still deteriorating, the researchers focus their attention to the agricultural non-point source pollution control and management, in addition to reducing the application amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer from the source, the use of low nutrient stress resistant plants can effectively control agricultural non-point source pollution. This paper is mainly to compare the abilities of waxy Nuo 868 and Zi Nuo 66 waxy maize varieties to resist low nutrient stress, and to study the effects of low nutritional stress on the morphological and physiological and biochemical characteristics of two varieties of waxy corn. Through experimental research and data analysis, we draw the following conclusions: (1) with the increase of low nitrogen and phosphorus stress, the dry weight of color waxy 868 waxy corn increased first and then decreased, while the dry weight of purple Nuo 66 waxy corn varieties decreased. The root length and root vigor of the color glutinous 868 and the purple glutinous 66 were reduced, and the root and crown ratio and the number of lateral roots increased. With the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus stress, the root activity of purple glutinous 66 increased first and then decreased. The morphological index and root activity of color glutinous 868 were significantly less influenced by low nutrition stress than purple waxy 66. (2) with the increase of low nutrition stress, the content of malondialdehyde and auxiliary ammonia in color glutinous 868 and purple glutinous 66 waxy maize increased, but the content of soluble sugar decreased. The effect of low nitrogen and phosphorus stress on soluble sugar content of 868 varieties of colored glutinous rice was greater than that of purple glutinous 66. (3) after low nitrogen and phosphorus stress, the activity of catalase and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased in waxy 868 and 66 varieties of waxy corn. When nitrogen or phosphorus remained unchanged, the activity of 868 peroxidase in color waxy increased and then decreased with the decrease of P or N ratio. The activity of peroxidase in the leaves of purple glutinous 66 increased with the effect of low nitrogen and phosphorus stress. The peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of 868 varieties of color waxy were less influenced by the stress than the 66 varieties of purple glutinous rice. (4) the activities of acid phosphatase in the leaves of two maize seedlings of CAI Nuo 868 and Zi Nuo 66 increased with the aggravation of low nitrogen and phosphorus stress. The effect of phosphorus deficiency on the activity of acid phosphatase was greater than that of nitrogen deficiency on the activity of acid phosphatase. The nitrate reductase activity of two maize seedlings decreased with the increase of low nitrogen and phosphorus stress. The effect of low nitrogen stress on nitrate reductase activity was much greater than that of low phosphorus stress. The acid phosphatase and nitrate reductase activity of 868 varieties of color waxy were more influenced by the stress than the 66 varieties of purple glutinous rice. (5) chlorophyll content of color waxy 868 and purple Nuo 66 waxy maize decreased with the decrease of phosphorus or nitrogen ratio. The effect of nitrogen deficiency on chlorophyll content was greater than that of phosphorus deficiency. The chlorophyll content of color 868 was smaller than that of purple purple 66. (6) the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate decreased with nitrogen or phosphorus decreased 66 and 868 waxy waxy corn Color Purple glutinous, effect of nitrogen deficiency is greater than the effect of phosphorus deficiency, cainuo 868 varieties of transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate under stress influence a small purple glutinous 66 varieties, and the transpiration rate under stress influence than 66 large varieties of purple glutinous.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶三峽學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S513;X71

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