【摘要】： 道教以符咒之術(shù)而聞名于世，符咒被廣泛應(yīng)用于祈禳治病、修道濟(jì)世等，是道教徒實(shí)現(xiàn)其宗教理想的重要手段之一。目前學(xué)界對(duì)道教符咒的研究尚處于起步階段。較為重要的著作有卿希泰、詹石窗教授主編的《道教文化新典》中巳編“符咒”，對(duì)道教符咒的歷史演變、哲學(xué)思想、文學(xué)價(jià)值、文化影響和現(xiàn)代啟示作了深入的探討。張澤洪教授的《道教齋醮符咒儀式》，對(duì)道教齋醮儀式的源流、影響、壇儀格式、宗教思想及宗教功能作了精辟的論述。另外，，一些研究中國(guó)巫術(shù)的專著也涉及到了道教符咒。諸如[韓]文鏞盛的《中國(guó)古代社會(huì)的巫覡》，胡新生的《中國(guó)古代巫術(shù)》，宋兆麟的《巫與巫術(shù)》，張紫晨的《中國(guó)巫術(shù)》，梁釗韜的《中國(guó)古代巫術(shù)——宗教的起源和發(fā)展》等。在論文方面，較為重要的有李遠(yuǎn)國(guó)教授的《道教咒術(shù)初探》，該文對(duì)道教咒術(shù)的形成、內(nèi)涵、特征、功用及文化要素作了詳盡的論述。劉仲宇教授的《試論道教咒語(yǔ)的起源和特點(diǎn)》探討了道教咒語(yǔ)和原始文化的關(guān)系、道教咒語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)及其文化意義，并對(duì)道教咒語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法進(jìn)行了論述。但總的看來(lái)，對(duì)道教咒術(shù)的研究成果很少，還需要大量的深入研究。 本篇論文，首先考察了道教咒術(shù)的起源及其功能形成機(jī)制，重點(diǎn)探討了道教咒術(shù)對(duì)語(yǔ)言的神化；其次，本文論述了道教咒術(shù)中的時(shí)間、空間觀念，認(rèn)為道教咒術(shù)中的時(shí)間具有空間性、神秘性、可逆性、主體性，空間則具有秩序性、神秘性、同構(gòu)性、主體性等特征；第三，本文研究了道教咒術(shù)對(duì)主客體的特殊規(guī)定，指出道教咒術(shù)是以形、神來(lái)規(guī)定主體，以神仙、魔鬼來(lái)規(guī)定客體。咒術(shù) 中對(duì)神仙的祈求與對(duì)魔鬼的支配反映了咒術(shù)中的主客體矛盾運(yùn)動(dòng)：最后，本文 指出了道教咒術(shù)獨(dú)特的思維特征，認(rèn)為在道教咒術(shù)中，實(shí)在與象征、整體與部 分、內(nèi)在與外在的區(qū)別被抹殺了，通過(guò)抹殺這些區(qū)別，道教咒術(shù)的功能才得以 形成。
[Abstract]:Taoism is famous for its mantra, which is widely used in praying for cure, practicing Tao to help the world, etc., which is one of the important means for Taoists to realize their religious ideal. At present, the study of Taoist mantra is still in its infancy. The more important works are Qing Xitai and Professor Zhan Shiwindow, who edited the "charm" in the New Book of Taoist Culture, which makes a deep discussion on the historical evolution, philosophical thought, literary value, cultural influence and modern enlightenment of Taoist mantra. Professor Zhang Zehong's "the ritual of Taoist jiao festival spell" makes an incisive discussion on the origin, influence, format, religious thought and religious function of Taoist jiao ceremony. In addition, some monographs on Chinese witchcraft also involve Taoist mantra. Such as Wen Yongsheng's Witchcraft in Ancient China, Hu Xinsheng in Ancient Chinese Witchcraft, Song Zhaolin's Witchcraft and Witchcraft, Zhang Zichen's Chinese Witchcraft, Liang Zhaotao's Ancient Chinese Witchcraft-the Origin and Development of Religion, and so on. In this paper, Professor Li Yuanguo's preliminary study of Taoist mantra is more important. This paper discusses in detail the formation, connotation, characteristics, function and cultural elements of Taoist mantra. Professor Liu Zhongyu's on the Origin and characteristics of Taoist mantra discusses the relationship between Taoist spell and primitive culture, the characteristics and cultural significance of Taoist spell, and discusses the structure and usage of Taoist spell. However, on the whole, the research results of Taoist mantra are very few, and a lot of in-depth research is needed. In this paper, we first investigate the origin and functional formation mechanism of Taoist mantra, focusing on the deification of language by Taoist mantra. Secondly, this paper discusses the concept of time and space in Taoist mantra, and holds that the time in Taoist mantra has the characteristics of space, mystery, reversibility, subjectivity, and space has the characteristics of order, mystery, isomorphism, subjectivity and so on. Thirdly, this paper studies the special provisions of Taoist mantra on the subject and object, and points out that Taoist mantra defines the subject by form and god, immortals and demons to define the object. The prayer for immortals and the domination of the devil in the spell reflect the contradictory movement between subject and object in the spell. Finally, this paper points out the unique thinking characteristics of Taoist mantra, and holds that in Taoist mantra, the differences between reality and symbolism, between the whole and the part, and between the inside and the outside, are erased. By obliterating these differences, the function of Taoist mantra can be formed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2002
【分類號(hào)】：B95

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