兩晉南北朝時(shí)期河隴佛教地理研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-20 13:26
【摘要】：佛教為世界三大宗教之一,自其傳入中國以后,對中國的思想、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治等領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生了廣泛而深遠(yuǎn)的影響,就其影響的廣度與深度而言,為其他外來宗教及本土宗教所遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不及。在佛教向中國傳播的早期階段,特別是兩晉南北朝時(shí)期,河隴地區(qū)曾對中國佛教的發(fā)展發(fā)揮過重要作用。 由于河隴地區(qū)地接西域,得地利之便,兩晉南北朝時(shí)期河隴地區(qū)較早普遍地接受佛教并率先成為內(nèi)地佛教發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)之一。這一時(shí)期的河隴地區(qū)佛教迅速發(fā)展,既有自然與人文環(huán)境方面的因素,也有著深刻的社會歷史背景和多種原因。兩晉南北朝時(shí)期河隴地區(qū)高僧輩出,當(dāng)時(shí)河隴所出高僧?dāng)?shù)量在全國占有相當(dāng)比重。他們在各個方面所表現(xiàn)出來的杰出才能及做出的貢獻(xiàn),不獨(dú)為河隴佛教文化增添了光彩的一頁,而且對全國佛教的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了重要影響。佛經(jīng)的翻譯在早期佛教傳播過程中發(fā)揮過關(guān)鍵作用。兩晉南北朝時(shí)期河隴地區(qū)于佛經(jīng)翻譯方面,在全國占有一席之地。這一時(shí)期河隴地區(qū)的譯經(jīng)在人員組成、經(jīng)典的選擇、經(jīng)費(fèi)來源、譯經(jīng)風(fēng)格等方面有明顯的地域特點(diǎn)。戒律、禪定、智慧通常被稱為佛教之三學(xué),兩晉南北朝時(shí)期河隴僧人于三學(xué)方面咸有貢獻(xiàn)。其中,在禪籍的翻譯與禪法的傳授方面,河隴僧人的貢獻(xiàn)尤為突出。兩晉南北朝時(shí)期,隨著佛教在全國范圍內(nèi)迅速傳播,佛教寺院也如雨后春筍般地興建起來,但史籍中對這一時(shí)期河隴地區(qū)寺院的記載卻不甚了了。通過對文獻(xiàn)的仔細(xì)梳理,我們檢得當(dāng)時(shí)河隴地區(qū)的二十余所寺院,并就其分布規(guī)律做了探討。兩晉南北朝時(shí)期河隴地區(qū)的開窟造像活動非�；钴S,河隴地區(qū)石窟不僅開鑿時(shí)間早,數(shù)量多、分布廣,而且藝術(shù)精湛,為全國其他地區(qū)所不及。河隴地區(qū)的石窟在空間分布上有一定的規(guī)律性,同時(shí)在造像與壁畫風(fēng)格上也有明顯的地域特色。兩晉南北朝時(shí)期河隴佛教地域特色鮮明,但在其內(nèi)部也出現(xiàn)了河西與隴右佛教文化的分異。其中河西地區(qū)受西域風(fēng)格的影響較深,而隴右地區(qū)在風(fēng)格上與中原接近。 兩晉南北朝時(shí)期河隴高僧輩出,他們或以譯經(jīng)著稱,或以修禪聞名。河隴譯經(jīng)成為我國早期譯經(jīng)的重要組成部分,而河隴禪僧弘傳禪法的活動,推動了當(dāng)時(shí)國內(nèi)禪業(yè)的興盛。同時(shí),這一時(shí)期河隴地區(qū)開鑿了大量的石窟寺,其窟內(nèi)造像與壁畫融合中西風(fēng)格,地域特色鮮明,成為我國石窟藝術(shù)中的一枝奇葩。無論從取得的成就還是對國內(nèi)的影響來看,兩晉南北朝時(shí)期的河隴佛教均在國內(nèi)占有特殊而重要的地位。
[Abstract]:Buddhism is one of the three major religions in the world. Since it was introduced into China, it has had a wide and profound impact on China's thought, culture, economy, politics and so on. Far less so for other foreign and native religions. In the early stage of Buddhism spreading to China, especially during the Southern and Northern dynasties of Jin and Jin dynasties, the Helong region played an important role in the development of Chinese Buddhism. Because the Heliong region was connected with the western regions, it was widely accepted in the period of the Southern and Northern dynasties and became one of the developed areas of Buddhism in the interior of the two Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern dynasties. The rapid development of Buddhism in Helong area in this period has not only the factors of natural and humanistic environment, but also profound social and historical background and various reasons. During the Northern and Southern dynasties, the number of senior monks in Helong area occupied a considerable proportion in the whole country. Their outstanding talents and contributions not only added a glorious page to the culture of Heliong Buddhism, but also had an important impact on the development of Buddhism throughout the country. The translation of Buddhist scriptures played a key role in the early spread of Buddhism. In the translation of Buddhist scriptures, the Heliong area occupied a place in the whole country during the Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern dynasties. In this period, the translation of the scriptures in Helong area has obvious regional characteristics in terms of personnel composition, classic choice, source of funds, style of translation and so on. Precepts, meditation, wisdom are often called Buddhism three schools of Buddhism, the Northern and Southern dynasties in the period of the river long monks contributed to the three aspects of learning. Among them, in the translation of Zen and the teaching of Zen, the contributions of the monks are particularly outstanding. During the Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern dynasties, with the rapid spread of Buddhism throughout the country, Buddhist monasteries were built like bamboo shoots, but the historical records of monasteries in Heliong region of this period were not very clear. By carefully combing the literature, we found more than 20 monasteries in Helong area at that time, and discussed their distribution law. In the period of the Southern and Northern dynasties of Jin Dynasty, the grottoes in Helong area were very active. The grottoes in Helong region were not only excavated early, in large quantities and widely distributed, but also exquisite in art, which was not available in other parts of the country. The grottoes in Helong area have some regularity in spatial distribution, and also have obvious regional characteristics in the style of statues and murals. During the Northern and Southern dynasties, Helong Buddhism had distinct regional characteristics, but there were also differences between Hexi and Longyou Buddhist cultures. Hexi region is deeply influenced by the style of the Western region, while Longyou area is close to the Central Plains in style. During the Northern and Southern dynasties, Heliong monks emerged in large numbers. They were famous for their translation of scriptures, or for practicing Zen. The translation of the Helong scriptures became an important part of the early translation of the scriptures in China, and the activities of the monks of the river long Chan to propagate the Zen method promoted the prosperity of the Zen industry in China at that time. At the same time, a large number of grottoes were excavated in the Heliong area during this period. The statues and murals in the grottoes were combined with Chinese and Western styles, and the regional characteristics were distinct, which became a wonderful flower in the art of grottoes in our country. From the point of view of the achievements and the influence on China, the Heliong Buddhism in the Northern and Southern dynasties occupies a special and important position in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：B948
本文編號：2388058
[Abstract]:Buddhism is one of the three major religions in the world. Since it was introduced into China, it has had a wide and profound impact on China's thought, culture, economy, politics and so on. Far less so for other foreign and native religions. In the early stage of Buddhism spreading to China, especially during the Southern and Northern dynasties of Jin and Jin dynasties, the Helong region played an important role in the development of Chinese Buddhism. Because the Heliong region was connected with the western regions, it was widely accepted in the period of the Southern and Northern dynasties and became one of the developed areas of Buddhism in the interior of the two Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern dynasties. The rapid development of Buddhism in Helong area in this period has not only the factors of natural and humanistic environment, but also profound social and historical background and various reasons. During the Northern and Southern dynasties, the number of senior monks in Helong area occupied a considerable proportion in the whole country. Their outstanding talents and contributions not only added a glorious page to the culture of Heliong Buddhism, but also had an important impact on the development of Buddhism throughout the country. The translation of Buddhist scriptures played a key role in the early spread of Buddhism. In the translation of Buddhist scriptures, the Heliong area occupied a place in the whole country during the Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern dynasties. In this period, the translation of the scriptures in Helong area has obvious regional characteristics in terms of personnel composition, classic choice, source of funds, style of translation and so on. Precepts, meditation, wisdom are often called Buddhism three schools of Buddhism, the Northern and Southern dynasties in the period of the river long monks contributed to the three aspects of learning. Among them, in the translation of Zen and the teaching of Zen, the contributions of the monks are particularly outstanding. During the Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern dynasties, with the rapid spread of Buddhism throughout the country, Buddhist monasteries were built like bamboo shoots, but the historical records of monasteries in Heliong region of this period were not very clear. By carefully combing the literature, we found more than 20 monasteries in Helong area at that time, and discussed their distribution law. In the period of the Southern and Northern dynasties of Jin Dynasty, the grottoes in Helong area were very active. The grottoes in Helong region were not only excavated early, in large quantities and widely distributed, but also exquisite in art, which was not available in other parts of the country. The grottoes in Helong area have some regularity in spatial distribution, and also have obvious regional characteristics in the style of statues and murals. During the Northern and Southern dynasties, Helong Buddhism had distinct regional characteristics, but there were also differences between Hexi and Longyou Buddhist cultures. Hexi region is deeply influenced by the style of the Western region, while Longyou area is close to the Central Plains in style. During the Northern and Southern dynasties, Heliong monks emerged in large numbers. They were famous for their translation of scriptures, or for practicing Zen. The translation of the Helong scriptures became an important part of the early translation of the scriptures in China, and the activities of the monks of the river long Chan to propagate the Zen method promoted the prosperity of the Zen industry in China at that time. At the same time, a large number of grottoes were excavated in the Heliong area during this period. The statues and murals in the grottoes were combined with Chinese and Western styles, and the regional characteristics were distinct, which became a wonderful flower in the art of grottoes in our country. From the point of view of the achievements and the influence on China, the Heliong Buddhism in the Northern and Southern dynasties occupies a special and important position in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：B948
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