福建長(zhǎng)汀媽福信仰探析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-31 14:39
【摘要】：媽祖,又稱天妃、天后、天上圣母、娘媽,是中國(guó)歷代船工、海員、漁民、旅客、商人甚至歷朝中央政府所共同信奉的民間神祗。媽祖信仰起源于一千多年前宋代的福建莆田沿海地區(qū)。在歷史的舞臺(tái)上,媽祖最先是以“海神”的面貌出現(xiàn)的,后來(lái)在民間傳說(shuō)中,她又被逐漸賦予了解救海難、除寇平患、助人濟(jì)困、護(hù)國(guó)保民等神格職能,其信仰迅速傳播開(kāi)來(lái),很快由傳說(shuō)走向廟祀、由民間進(jìn)入宮廷、由海島深入內(nèi)陸、由中國(guó)廣播世界。 南宋理宗紹定年間,著名法醫(yī)學(xué)家宋慈出任長(zhǎng)汀縣令,鑒于汀州陸路交通不便,于是大力發(fā)展汀江航運(yùn),打通了汀江、韓江間的商業(yè)航道,大大加強(qiáng)了汀州與廣東潮汕地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化聯(lián)系。但汀江河道曲折,水流湍急,全程共有險(xiǎn)灘27處,“三百灘頭風(fēng)浪惡”,航運(yùn)事故時(shí)有發(fā)生。汀州民眾在了解到媽祖具有航運(yùn)保護(hù)功能后,將之納入到了汀州的民間信仰體系中。其后汀州媽祖的神職功能逐漸由單一的海神、航運(yùn)神成長(zhǎng)為無(wú)所不能的主神,成為汀州民間十分崇敬和信仰的“媽祖女哩”。 長(zhǎng)汀地處閩西南,與廣東、江西兩省交界,可以說(shuō)是實(shí)實(shí)在在的內(nèi)陸地區(qū)。媽祖信仰從沿海來(lái)到內(nèi)陸,并由此扎根、發(fā)展,演變,最終成為這一地區(qū)普遍存在的民間信仰。一方水土造就一方神靈,某一區(qū)域內(nèi)民間信仰的神靈都不可避免的會(huì)帶有該地區(qū)的地域特色,這些特色集中表現(xiàn)在神靈的神職功能上,神靈在一定意義上是被信眾所“選擇”的,它是否“被需要”,它的神職功能是否“被改變”、“被發(fā)展”,這在很大程度上取決于當(dāng)?shù)氐淖匀画h(huán)境以及由此產(chǎn)生的人文環(huán)境的。同時(shí),民間信仰的神靈在“成長(zhǎng)”的過(guò)程中也對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐣?huì)文化產(chǎn)生了或是積極或是消極的影響。 本文將從實(shí)地田野調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上出發(fā),結(jié)合歷史文獻(xiàn)資料,試圖對(duì)長(zhǎng)汀地區(qū)的媽祖信仰進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單分析。本文的主要內(nèi)容分為四個(gè)部分：第一章是對(duì)長(zhǎng)汀地區(qū)媽祖信仰的概況介紹,是對(duì)這一地區(qū)媽祖信仰的自然、人文背景以及媽祖信仰在長(zhǎng)汀存在的現(xiàn)狀分析；第二章主要論述長(zhǎng)汀媽祖信仰對(duì)沿海媽祖信仰的傳承以及在當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)生的嬗變；第三章主要敘述長(zhǎng)汀媽祖信仰的主要特征,分四個(gè)方面來(lái)具體闡釋：首先是對(duì)長(zhǎng)汀媽祖信仰區(qū)域性特點(diǎn)的描述；其次介紹長(zhǎng)汀媽祖信仰神靈體系的多神雜糅；接著論述長(zhǎng)汀媽祖信仰在當(dāng)?shù)嘏c紅色文化的相互包容；最后闡述了長(zhǎng)汀媽祖信仰的現(xiàn)代性特征；第四章則是具體論述長(zhǎng)汀地區(qū)的媽祖信仰于當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐣?huì)意義。 通過(guò)以上四個(gè)部分的具體論述,總結(jié)分析長(zhǎng)汀地區(qū)媽祖信仰的現(xiàn)狀、特征及其社會(huì)意義,探討該地區(qū)媽祖信仰與社會(huì)的互動(dòng)關(guān)系,這對(duì)于我們?cè)诋?dāng)前形勢(shì)下貫徹黨中央的民族宗教政策,妥善處理好民間信仰的管理問(wèn)題,有效利用媽祖文化的積極效應(yīng)為社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)建設(shè)服務(wù),有著積極的意義。
[Abstract]:Ma Zu, also known as the Princess of Heaven, Mother, is the common folk god of the Chinese shipowners, seafarers, fishermen, tourists, businessmen and even the central government. Ma Zu's belief originated more than a thousand years ago in Fujian's Putian coastal area in Song Dynasty. On the stage of history, Ma Zu first appeared as a "sea god." later, in folklore, she was gradually entrusted with the functions of rescuing shipwrecks, helping others to help others and protecting the people, and so on, and her belief spread rapidly. Soon from legend to temple worship, from the folk to the palace, from the island to the interior, by the Chinese broadcast world. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Lizong Shaoding, a famous forensic scientist, served as Changting County order. In view of the inconvenience of land transportation in Ting Zhou, he vigorously developed shipping along the Ting River and opened the commercial waterway between the Ting River and the Han River. Greatly strengthened the economic and cultural ties between Ting Zhou and the Chaoshan area of Guangdong Province. However, the Tingjiang River is tortuous and swift. There are 27 dangerous beaches in the whole process, "300 beachheads are stormy", and shipping accidents occur from time to time. After knowing that Ma Zu has the function of shipping protection, the people of Ting Zhou put it into the folk belief system of Ting Zhou. After that, Ma Zu of Ting Zhou gradually changed from a single sea god and a shipping god into an omnipotent god, and became a woman's mileage of Ma Zu, which was highly respected and believed by the people of Ting Zhou. Changting is located in southwestern Fujian, and Guangdong, Jiangxi Province border, can be said to be a real inland area. Ma Zu's belief came inland from the coast, and then took root, developed and evolved, and finally became a popular folk belief in this area. A side of water and soil creates a spirit of one side, and the gods of folk faith in a certain region will inevitably have the regional characteristics of the region. These characteristics are concentrated in the divine functions of the gods. In a certain sense, the deity is "chosen" by the believers, whether it is "needed", whether its ministry function is "changed" and "developed", This depends to a large extent on the local natural environment and the resulting human environment. At the same time, the deities of folk belief have a positive or negative influence on the local social culture in the process of "growing up". On the basis of field investigation and historical literature, this paper tries to analyze the faith of Ma Zu in Changting area. The main content of this paper is divided into four parts: the first chapter is the general introduction of Ma Zu belief in Changting region, the analysis of the nature, the humanistic background and the existing situation of Ma Zu belief in Changting. The second chapter mainly discusses the transmission of Ma Zu belief to the coastal Ma Zu belief and the evolution in the local area. The third chapter mainly narrates the main characteristics of Ma Zu's belief in Changting, and explains it concretely in four aspects: firstly, the description of the regional characteristics of the belief of Ma Zu in Changting, secondly, the introduction of the mixture of multi-gods in the belief system of the spirit of Ma Zu in Changting; Then it discusses the mutual tolerance between Changting Ma Zu belief and red culture; finally expounds the modern characteristics of Changting Ma Zu belief; the fourth chapter specifically discusses the local social significance of the Changting region Ma Zu belief. Through the concrete discussion of the above four parts, this paper sums up and analyzes the present situation, characteristics and social significance of Ma Zu's belief in Changting region, and probes into the interactive relationship between the belief and the society in this area. This is of great significance to us in carrying out the national and religious policies of the Party Central Committee under the current situation, properly handling the management problems of folk beliefs, and effectively utilizing the positive effects of Ma Zu's culture to serve the construction of a harmonious socialist society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：B933
本文編號(hào)：2302563
[Abstract]:Ma Zu, also known as the Princess of Heaven, Mother, is the common folk god of the Chinese shipowners, seafarers, fishermen, tourists, businessmen and even the central government. Ma Zu's belief originated more than a thousand years ago in Fujian's Putian coastal area in Song Dynasty. On the stage of history, Ma Zu first appeared as a "sea god." later, in folklore, she was gradually entrusted with the functions of rescuing shipwrecks, helping others to help others and protecting the people, and so on, and her belief spread rapidly. Soon from legend to temple worship, from the folk to the palace, from the island to the interior, by the Chinese broadcast world. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Lizong Shaoding, a famous forensic scientist, served as Changting County order. In view of the inconvenience of land transportation in Ting Zhou, he vigorously developed shipping along the Ting River and opened the commercial waterway between the Ting River and the Han River. Greatly strengthened the economic and cultural ties between Ting Zhou and the Chaoshan area of Guangdong Province. However, the Tingjiang River is tortuous and swift. There are 27 dangerous beaches in the whole process, "300 beachheads are stormy", and shipping accidents occur from time to time. After knowing that Ma Zu has the function of shipping protection, the people of Ting Zhou put it into the folk belief system of Ting Zhou. After that, Ma Zu of Ting Zhou gradually changed from a single sea god and a shipping god into an omnipotent god, and became a woman's mileage of Ma Zu, which was highly respected and believed by the people of Ting Zhou. Changting is located in southwestern Fujian, and Guangdong, Jiangxi Province border, can be said to be a real inland area. Ma Zu's belief came inland from the coast, and then took root, developed and evolved, and finally became a popular folk belief in this area. A side of water and soil creates a spirit of one side, and the gods of folk faith in a certain region will inevitably have the regional characteristics of the region. These characteristics are concentrated in the divine functions of the gods. In a certain sense, the deity is "chosen" by the believers, whether it is "needed", whether its ministry function is "changed" and "developed", This depends to a large extent on the local natural environment and the resulting human environment. At the same time, the deities of folk belief have a positive or negative influence on the local social culture in the process of "growing up". On the basis of field investigation and historical literature, this paper tries to analyze the faith of Ma Zu in Changting area. The main content of this paper is divided into four parts: the first chapter is the general introduction of Ma Zu belief in Changting region, the analysis of the nature, the humanistic background and the existing situation of Ma Zu belief in Changting. The second chapter mainly discusses the transmission of Ma Zu belief to the coastal Ma Zu belief and the evolution in the local area. The third chapter mainly narrates the main characteristics of Ma Zu's belief in Changting, and explains it concretely in four aspects: firstly, the description of the regional characteristics of the belief of Ma Zu in Changting, secondly, the introduction of the mixture of multi-gods in the belief system of the spirit of Ma Zu in Changting; Then it discusses the mutual tolerance between Changting Ma Zu belief and red culture; finally expounds the modern characteristics of Changting Ma Zu belief; the fourth chapter specifically discusses the local social significance of the Changting region Ma Zu belief. Through the concrete discussion of the above four parts, this paper sums up and analyzes the present situation, characteristics and social significance of Ma Zu's belief in Changting region, and probes into the interactive relationship between the belief and the society in this area. This is of great significance to us in carrying out the national and religious policies of the Party Central Committee under the current situation, properly handling the management problems of folk beliefs, and effectively utilizing the positive effects of Ma Zu's culture to serve the construction of a harmonious socialist society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：B933
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