【摘要】：蒙古人自古尚樹(shù)。在古代富有社會(huì)制度、軍事色彩的重大活動(dòng)中,樹(shù)木都扮演著重要的角色。由此可見(jiàn),“樹(shù)”這一形象早已被蒙古族民眾賦予了神圣的含義�？茽柷叩貐^(qū)的蒙古人崇拜“尚喜樹(shù)”,他們認(rèn)為尚喜樹(shù)中有神靈,名曰“尚喜神”。每年農(nóng)歷五月十三,當(dāng)?shù)孛晒湃她R聚一起祭祀尚喜樹(shù),以求樹(shù)中神靈廣降甘霖,庇蔭五谷,福延六畜。本文的目的在于通過(guò)對(duì)科爾沁中敖日布告嘎查尚喜樹(shù)崇拜儀式的田野調(diào)查,及歷史文獻(xiàn)資料的解讀,介紹科爾沁尚喜樹(shù)崇拜的流傳形式與特性,由此探討該地區(qū)神樹(shù)信仰的起源與發(fā)展,以及儀式中人與人、人與神的關(guān)系。并在此基礎(chǔ)上,探究這種民間信仰在歷史長(zhǎng)河中幾次中斷,卻仍然重返民間,于民眾間復(fù)蘇的原因。從結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看,本文分為六部分。第一章緒論介紹本文的研究緣起、意義、方法與資料來(lái)源,并著重對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外與樹(shù)崇拜有關(guān)的資料、文獻(xiàn)、專著、論文等進(jìn)行梳理與概括,觀其現(xiàn)狀,察其利弊。第二章意在介紹科爾沁中敖日布告嘎查概況,以及當(dāng)?shù)孛晒湃说纳邢矘?shù)崇拜詳情。第三章以實(shí)地調(diào)查的一手資料為主體,盡量詳盡、全面、本真地還原中敖日布告神樹(shù)祭祀儀式前期準(zhǔn)備工作,展演過(guò)程,及村落中個(gè)人的角色分工。第四章主要分析神樹(shù)崇拜中神的起源發(fā)展,并重點(diǎn)研究信仰的主體人的思維,以及儀式中,分離于日常的人與人、人與神的關(guān)系。因?yàn)樾叛黾皟x式將一切意義通過(guò)象征的手段加諸于各種行為中,使得信仰間的民眾在日常中按照信仰的思想,循規(guī)蹈矩,遵守禁忌。也正因此,神樹(shù)崇拜作為民間信仰對(duì)民眾生態(tài)觀、文化觀的建立,存在著積極的意義。這是本文第五章想要闡明的�？茽柷叩貐^(qū)的樹(shù)崇拜普遍被認(rèn)為是薩滿教的遺存,是萬(wàn)物有靈論的體現(xiàn)。如今科爾沁地區(qū)蒙古族樹(shù)崇拜從其表現(xiàn)方式看,已不僅僅是薩滿教的體現(xiàn),還包含了藏傳佛教的神佛觀念。這樣的發(fā)展結(jié)果是有其歷史原因的。以變求存,兼容并蓄,是神樹(shù)崇拜歷經(jīng)磨難卻流傳至今的原因之一。其次,無(wú)論宗教如何滲透入民間信仰,參與信仰的主體畢竟是人。因而,信仰的流傳也是因?yàn)槊晒抛迕癖妼?duì)自然的感知保持著原始性,他們的意志不以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為轉(zhuǎn)移,而是直覺(jué)地相信樹(shù)中的神秘力量。這種流傳已經(jīng)不僅僅是對(duì)宗教遺留物的繼承,而是對(duì)信仰中蘊(yùn)含的原始思維的繼承。正是這些原因使得神樹(shù)崇拜歷久彌新,流傳長(zhǎng)久,并潛移默化的在科爾沁蒙古人的日常生活、社會(huì)文化、意識(shí)培養(yǎng)等方面發(fā)揮作用。
[Abstract]:The Mongols still have trees since ancient times. Trees played an important role in the great activities of ancient social system and military color. Thus, the image of "tree" has been given sacred meaning by the Mongolian people. The Mongolians in Horqin worshipped "still Joy Tree". They believed that there was a god in Shangxi Tree, which was called "Shangxi God". On the 13th day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, the local Mongols gather to sacrifice Shang Xi-shu to pray for the gods in the trees to descend on the rain, protect the grain, and the six animals in Fuyen. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the form and characteristics of the spread of the worship of the Camptotheca acuminata in Horqin through the field investigation of the ceremony of Gachaishan-Gachasan worshiping in Horqin, as well as the interpretation of historical documents. This paper probes into the origin and development of the belief of the divine tree in this region and the relationship between man and god in the ritual. On this basis, this paper explores the reason why this folk belief has been interrupted several times in the long history, but it still returns to the folk and recovers among the people. From the point of view of structure, this paper is divided into six parts. The first chapter introduces the origin, significance, methods and sources of this research, and focuses on the domestic and foreign information related to tree worship, literature, monographs, papers and so on to comb and generalize, observe its present situation, observe its advantages and disadvantages. The second chapter is intended to introduce the general situation of Horqin Aori Gacha and the details of the local Mongolians'worship of Shangxi Tree. The third chapter takes the primary data of the field investigation as the main body, try to be detailed, comprehensive, and truly restore the preparatory work, the exhibition process, and the division of roles of the individual in the village. The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the origin and development of God in the worship of God tree and focuses on the thinking of the main body of faith and the relationship between man and God in ritual. Because faith and rituals impose all meanings through symbolic means in all kinds of actions, the interfaith people follow the principles of their beliefs and observe taboos in their daily lives. Therefore, as a folk belief, the worship of God Tree has positive significance to the establishment of the people's ecological and cultural views. This is the fifth chapter of this article wants to clarify. Tree worship in Horqin is generally regarded as the remains of shamanism and the embodiment of animism. Nowadays, the Mongolian tree worship in Horqin area is not only the embodiment of Shamanism, but also the concept of the god and Buddha of Tibetan Buddhism. There are historical reasons for this development. To change the survival, inclusive, is the worship of God tree after suffering, but one of the reasons for the spread to this day. Secondly, no matter how religion infiltrates the folk belief, the main body involved in the belief is after all human beings. Therefore, the spread of faith is also because the Mongolian people's perception of nature remains primitive, their will is not transferred by experience, but intuitively believes in the mysterious power of the tree. This spread has not only inherited religious relics, but also inherited the original thinking contained in faith. It is for these reasons that the worship of god tree is old and new, and it plays a role in the daily life, social culture and consciousness cultivation of Horqin Mongols.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：B933

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本文編號(hào)：2198664