本文選題：南宗禪 + 迅速發(fā)展��； 參考：《新疆師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本文以安史之亂為時間分割點(diǎn),通過對《壇經(jīng)》不同版本和禪宗史料典籍的分析研究,在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,采用宗教學(xué)、歷史學(xué)、哲學(xué)等研究方法對安史之亂后南宗禪的迅速發(fā)展進(jìn)行原因分析。本文主要從四個方面加以分析。 首先是社會政治原因。安史之亂影響了南北宗力量的對比,由于南宗禪在之前傳法僅限于嶺南一帶,所以從遭受打擊的地理位置而言,受安史之亂破壞的影響很小,而在北方依賴政治的北宗禪遭受打擊非常大;也同樣由于安史之亂的爆發(fā)為神會等禪師向北傳法提供了時代前提,安史之亂成為神會等禪師崛起的契機(jī)。 其次是神會等禪師的奮爭。他們成為南宗禪迅速發(fā)展的強(qiáng)大推動力,慧能一系的宗門后勁由此顯現(xiàn),如果沒有他們的奮爭,再高明的理論也難以彰顯和推廣,所以南宗禪的迅速發(fā)展離不開南宗禪宗門的后勁。 再次,就是南宗禪思想體系的適應(yīng)性。作為一種理論,在慧能時代僅限于嶺南傳播,不僅是由于慧能個人傳法地域之限,更在于這種理論與盛唐物質(zhì)的繁盛、文化的豐富等因素有所違背。安史之亂后,南宗禪在理論和修行方法上的優(yōu)越性得以顯現(xiàn),其“即心即佛”的佛性觀、“頓悟成佛”的修行觀和“不加外求”的解脫觀迎合了遭受戰(zhàn)亂之苦人們的心理。該理論體系實(shí)質(zhì)上是把中國傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)中的儒道思想融入佛教,把佛教哲學(xué)進(jìn)一步中國化和世俗化,擺脫了繁瑣的修證過程和對經(jīng)論詞句的解釋,這些成為南宗禪深入民間的理論基礎(chǔ)。 最后是居士佛教的繁榮和推崇。南宗禪要想大范圍的傳播,首先是贏得王室在政治上的認(rèn)可,盡管統(tǒng)治者對宗教的取舍帶有一定的目的,但是南宗禪在取得正統(tǒng)地位之后確實(shí)是得到了王室及朝廷官員的支持和推廣,又由于他們不是僧侶階層,所以本文把這些人士納入了居士之列;迫于現(xiàn)實(shí)矛盾中求生存的需要和文化上的追求,文人士大夫居士也表現(xiàn)出對南宗禪極大的推崇,維護(hù)和發(fā)展了南宗禪;最為典型的居士是純粹居士,他們不同于王室居士和文人士大夫居士,他們更多的是身體力行使教理得以實(shí)踐和宣傳。中唐以后南宗禪的影響深入社會各個階層,這些專業(yè)化居士發(fā)揮了有效的社會宣傳作用。 作為研究的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn),本文試圖從對其原因分析中,對這一歷史現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行全面、清晰、客觀的梳理;提出的一些思考以期為佛教的良性發(fā)展提供些許參考。尤其是對居士佛教的挖掘,有助于我們今天和諧社會的構(gòu)建。
[Abstract]:This article takes the Anshi Rebellion as the time division point, through the analysis and research to the different versions of the Tan Jing and the Zen historical materials, on the basis of the previous research, adopts the religion, the history, Philosophy and other research methods to analyze the rapid development of Nanzong Zen after the Anshi Rebellion. This article mainly analyzes from four aspects. The first is social and political reasons. The Anshi Rebellion affected the contrast of the forces of the North and the South. Because the Southern Zen Buddhism was limited to the Lingnan area before, the impact of the Anshi Rebellion on the geographical location of the attack was very small. The Beizong Zen, which depends on politics in the north, suffered a great blow, and also because the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion provided the premise of the times for the Buddhist monk to pass the Dharma to the north, the Anshi Rebellion became the opportunity for the rise of the Zen Master. Second, God will wait for the struggle of the Zen master. They became a powerful driving force for the rapid development of Nanzong Zen, and the Zong door stamina of Huineng was thus revealed. Without their struggle, it would be difficult for any brilliant theory to be demonstrated and popularized. Therefore, the rapid development of Nanzong Zen cannot be separated from the stamina of Nanzong Zen. Thirdly, it is the adaptability of Nanzong Zen thought system. As a kind of theory, in the period of Huineng, it was limited to Lingnan communication, not only because of the limitation of Huineng's personal transmission, but also because of the fact that the theory was contrary to the prosperity of material and the enrichment of culture in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. After the Anshi Rebellion, the superiority of Nanzong Zen in the theory and method of practice was revealed, and the Buddha nature view of "mind is Buddha", the practice view of "Insight into Buddha" and the view of liberation from "not seeking outside" catered to the psychology of people suffering from the conflict of war. In essence, the theoretical system is to integrate Confucianism and Taoism in traditional Chinese philosophy into Buddhism, to further the localization and secularization of Buddhist philosophy, and to get rid of the cumbersome process of practice and interpretation of words and phrases. These become the theoretical basis of the Nanzong Zen deep into the folk. Finally, the prosperity and worship of Buddhism. In order to spread widely, the first thing Nanzong Zen wanted to spread was to win the royal family's political approval, although the rulers' choice of religion had a certain purpose. However, Nanzong Zen really got the support and promotion of the royal family and court officials after gaining the orthodox status, and because they were not monks, this article included these people into the list of residents. Forced by the need of survival and the pursuit of culture in the realistic contradiction, the literati and bureaucrats also showed great respect for the Nanzong Zen, and maintained and developed the Nanzong Zen, the most typical of which was the pure scholar. They are different from the royals and literati and officials, they are more practical practice and propaganda. After the middle Tang Dynasty, the influence of Nanzong Zen went deep into all social strata, which played an effective role in social propaganda. As the innovation of the research, this paper tries to make a comprehensive, clear and objective combing of this historical phenomenon from the analysis of its causes, and puts forward some thoughts in order to provide some references for the benign development of Buddhism. In particular, the excavation of Buddhism is conducive to the construction of a harmonious society today.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：B948

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