本文選題：馬克思 + 宗教觀�。� 參考：《華僑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：宗教是一種影響深遠(yuǎn),普世性很強(qiáng),文化底蘊(yùn)深厚的社會(huì)意識形態(tài),是人類把握社會(huì)的一種特殊方式,帶有強(qiáng)烈的情感特性。馬克思對宗教并未做很多集中的論述,但對宗教問題的關(guān)注與批判是其整個(gè)哲學(xué)思想的前提。馬克思認(rèn)為宗教作為一種虛幻的存在是由人的本質(zhì)發(fā)生異化后衍生出來的。宗教作為一種先驗(yàn)的、感性的思維方式,是主體在生活境遇的困境中喪失了自我意識后演變出來的,所以它的根源是在人們的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,不在天上,馬克思著重從現(xiàn)存物質(zhì)世界的人的自我分裂和自我矛盾來客觀理性的刨析宗教的產(chǎn)生。馬克思主要從人類社會(huì)發(fā)展史就宗教發(fā)揮的政治社會(huì)作用來評判其是非功過的,在階級社會(huì)中,傳統(tǒng)宗教的確一直扮演著“美化”或“神化”統(tǒng)治階級專制政權(quán)的角色,是統(tǒng)治階級維護(hù)統(tǒng)治秩序的工具。在宗教的“庇護(hù)”下,人們像戴著枷鎖一樣不得不忍受陳舊腐朽剝削的制度,這也是馬克思為什么對宗教激烈批判的原因。馬克思對宗教的批判只是一個(gè)手段,絕非目的,他對宗教的批判,是對政治、資本主義私有制等不合理的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題的批判的前提,其目的是實(shí)現(xiàn)人的本質(zhì)的完全復(fù)歸,主體獲得解放自由。馬克思對宗教理論并未做很多集中的論述,但是對宗教的根源、本質(zhì)、社會(huì)功能、存在的長期性、發(fā)展前景及消亡條件等都立足于世俗世界之上做了深刻的剖析,這對于馬克思主義政黨今后在解決宗教問題、制定相關(guān)的宗教政策都是有啟示意義的。尤其我國作為一個(gè)多民族、信仰多元的國家,處在當(dāng)前全球化的時(shí)代背景下,貫徹學(xué)習(xí)好馬克思宗教思想并使之中國化,這與我國社會(huì)倡導(dǎo)的“和”文化理念也是吻合的。理性正確地引導(dǎo)宗教發(fā)展,推動(dòng)宗教友好交流,發(fā)揮宗教的積極作用,豐富我國的文化蘊(yùn)藏,不論對宗教本身的發(fā)展還是整個(gè)社會(huì)的文化建設(shè)都是一種“雙贏”。
[Abstract]:Religion is a kind of social ideology with profound influence, strong universality and profound cultural background. It is a special way for human beings to grasp society and has strong emotional characteristics. Marx did not focus on religion, but the concern and criticism of religion is the premise of his whole philosophy. Marx believed that religion as a kind of illusory existence was derived from the alienation of human nature. Religion, as a transcendental, perceptual mode of thinking, evolved after the subject lost his self-consciousness in the plight of life, so its root is in people's real life, not in the sky. Marx focused on the existence of the material world of human self-division and self-contradiction to objectively and rationally analyze the emergence of religion. Marx mainly judged the political and social function of religion from the history of human social development. In the class society, traditional religion has indeed played the role of "beautifying" or "deified" the autocratic regime of the ruling class. It is a tool for the ruling class to maintain the ruling order. Under the "sheltering" of religion, people have to endure the old and decadent system of exploitation like shackles, which is the reason why Marx strongly criticized religion. Marx's criticism of religion is only a means, not an end. His criticism of religion is a prerequisite for criticizing unreasonable practical problems such as politics, capitalist private ownership, and so on. Its purpose is to realize the complete restoration of human nature. The subject was liberated. Marx did not make a lot of concentrated exposition on religious theory, but deeply analyzed the origin, essence, social function, the long-term nature of existence, the development prospect and the condition of extinction of religion, all of which were based on the secular world. It is instructive for Marxist political parties to solve religious problems and formulate relevant religious policies in the future. Especially, our country, as a country with many nationalities and many beliefs, is in the background of globalization, so we should study Marx's religious thought well and make it Chinese, which is consistent with the cultural concept of "harmony" advocated by our society. The rational and correct guidance of religious development, the promotion of religious friendly exchanges, the positive role of religion, and the enrichment of our country's cultural reserves are "win-win" to the development of religion itself and the cultural construction of the whole society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B920

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