本文選題：基督教會(huì) + 中世紀(jì)　； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2006年碩士論文

【摘要】：12世紀(jì)，大學(xué)興起于歐洲，并迅速發(fā)展，到13世紀(jì)達(dá)到巔峰。雖然隨著中世紀(jì)的衰落，大學(xué)也進(jìn)入了一段低落的時(shí)期，但最終卻能佇立于中世紀(jì)的廢墟之上，浴火重生。當(dāng)教會(huì)、帝國(guó)、莊園、城堡、騎士、貴婦、與行吟詩(shī)人都風(fēng)流云散之后，大學(xué)依然近乎原汁原味地保留在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)之中，發(fā)揮著重要的影響。 “大學(xué)不僅僅是一所教授一定數(shù)量學(xué)科的學(xué)校，而是最如實(shí)、最具有代表性地反映這個(gè)時(shí)期的機(jī)構(gòu)，甚至可以說(shuō)強(qiáng)于教會(huì)和封建制度�！贝髮W(xué)是中世紀(jì)原創(chuàng)的機(jī)構(gòu)，它以一種相對(duì)以往而言的全新的方式組織起來(lái)，成為穩(wěn)定的、有規(guī)律可循的、非個(gè)人化的機(jī)構(gòu)，走上持續(xù)發(fā)展的道路，并塑造出了一種新的學(xué)術(shù)生活風(fēng)格，這在之前的歷史上不曾出現(xiàn)并延續(xù)至今。 相對(duì)于大學(xué)的重要地位，在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期內(nèi)對(duì)大學(xué)的研究是不足的，大學(xué)與中世紀(jì)尤其是教會(huì)的關(guān)系也往往被忽視，甚至扭曲。尤其是在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的學(xué)術(shù)界，很多研究人員還局限于傳統(tǒng)的歷史觀，將中世紀(jì)視做“黑暗的時(shí)代”，將中世紀(jì)歐洲的基督教會(huì)視為黑暗、愚昧勢(shì)力的代表，由此出發(fā)研究大學(xué)，，扭曲了大學(xué)的形象，在很多研究者的筆下，大學(xué)往往成為它所屬時(shí)代的異類甚至對(duì)立面。 中世紀(jì)作為一個(gè)獨(dú)特的時(shí)代，連接了歐洲古典文明與現(xiàn)代文明。它又不僅僅是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的過(guò)渡時(shí)代，自身也對(duì)近現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的誕生做出很多必不可少的貢獻(xiàn)，大學(xué)就是一個(gè)最好的例子。教會(huì)在這一時(shí)代中起著至關(guān)重要的作用，認(rèn)清教會(huì)與中世紀(jì)大學(xué)的關(guān)系在對(duì)大學(xué)的研究中是一個(gè)基本問(wèn)題，是解決很多相關(guān)問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)，也是當(dāng)前大學(xué)研究中的一個(gè)空白點(diǎn)，本文試圖對(duì)這一問(wèn)題作一個(gè)試探性的研究。 基督教起源于以信仰為核心的希伯來(lái)文化，在中世紀(jì)開(kāi)始之前，基督教經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期與古希臘、古羅馬文化的碰撞、交融，帶有理性精神的古典文化被大量的吸納、利用和改造，當(dāng)中世紀(jì)的大幕拉開(kāi)的時(shí)候，古典文化完全崩潰，基督教成為了保存和傳播古典文化火種的唯一文明承載者。 在大學(xué)興起之前，傳統(tǒng)上教育由教會(huì)管理。在大學(xué)的逐漸形成和發(fā)展的過(guò)程中，教會(huì)對(duì)大學(xué)從多方面加以扶持、保護(hù)和規(guī)范。教會(huì)的最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人——教皇堅(jiān)定的保護(hù)新生的大學(xué)，不但在大學(xué)與地方政權(quán)甚至君主發(fā)生沖突時(shí)支持大學(xué)，在大學(xué)與地方教會(huì)組織或個(gè)別教會(huì)人員發(fā)生摩擦?xí)r也經(jīng)常站在大學(xué)的一邊。教皇還
[Abstract]:In the 12 th century, universities rose in Europe, developed rapidly, and peaked in the 13 th century. With the decline of the Middle Ages, the university entered a period of depression, but finally stood on the ruins of the Middle Ages, bath fire rebirth. When churches, empires, manors, castles, knights, noblemen, and walkers were scattered, universities remained almost authentic in modern society and played an important role. "A university is not just a school that teaches a certain number of subjects, but the most truthful and representative of the institutions of this period, even stronger than the church and feudalism." The university was an original institution in the Middle Ages, and it was organized in a new way, more than ever before, and became a stable, regular, impersonal institution on the path of sustainable development. And created a new style of academic life, which did not appear in previous history and continue to this day. Relative to the importance of the university, the research on the university is insufficient for a long time, and the relationship between the university and the Middle Ages, especially the church, is often ignored or even distorted. Especially in the academic circles in China, many researchers also confined themselves to the traditional view of history, and regarded the Middle Ages as the "dark times" and the Christian churches in medieval Europe as representatives of the dark and ignorant forces, so they set out to study universities. It distorts the image of the university. In many researchers' works, the university often becomes the opposite of its era. The Middle Ages, as a unique era, connected European classical civilization with modern civilization. It is not only a simple transitional era, but also a lot of essential contributions to the birth of modern society. University is the best example. Church plays a vital role in this era. Recognizing the relationship between church and medieval universities is a basic problem in the study of universities, is the basis for solving many related problems, and is also a blank spot in current university research. This paper attempts to make a tentative study of this problem. Christianity originated from the Hebrew culture with faith as its core. Before the beginning of the Middle Ages, Christianity was absorbed, utilized and reformed by a large number of classical cultures with rational spirit after a long period of collision with ancient Greek and Roman cultures. When the curtain opened in the Middle Ages, classical culture collapsed completely, and Christianity became the only carrier of civilization to preserve and spread the fire of classical culture. Before the rise of universities, education was traditionally managed by the church. In the process of the formation and development of the university, the church supports, protects and regulates the university from many aspects. The church's supreme leader, the pope, was determined to protect freshmen's universities, supporting them not only when they clashed with local authorities or even monarchs, Universities are also often on the side of universities when they have friction with local church organizations or individual church personnel. The Pope also
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：G649.5;B979.5

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張愛(ài)紅;約翰·洛克的體育思想研究[D];北京體育大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 楊燕;基督教教會(huì)對(duì)歐洲中世紀(jì)大學(xué)教學(xué)的影響[D];山東師范大學(xué);2011年

2 廖翔;“冰河期”的魯汶大學(xué)（1425-1797）[D];福建師范大學(xué);2012年

本文編號(hào)：1937378