本文選題：基督教 + 羅馬帝國　； 參考：《復旦學報(社會科學版)》2017年06期

【摘要】：早期羅馬帝國的宗教格局是多元的。羅馬帝國在不危及其政治統(tǒng)治的前提下容忍各種民族宗教的存在。到了羅馬帝國后期,羅馬皇帝想把某一種滿足其需要的宗教扶植為國教,以便建立大一統(tǒng)的帝國意識形態(tài)。這里有政治方面的考量,也有文化和社會方面的因素。羅馬后期,某些宗教已經(jīng)從一種地域性的宗教演變?yōu)榱鱾饔诹_馬全境的具有"公共性"特征的宗教,基督教就是其中的一個典型。羅馬皇帝最初選擇把拜日教(太陽神崇拜)立為"國教",但遭到基督教不屈不撓的反抗。鑒于基督教是一種"公共宗教",在很大程度上能滿足帝國的需要,羅馬皇帝最終選擇收編基督教為"國教"。這樣做的原初目的是為了強化其統(tǒng)治,但宗教政策上的這一重大轉變也帶來新的問題。成為"國教"的基督教并不能挽救羅馬帝國覆滅的命運,這種大一統(tǒng)的宗教導致西方文化從古典多元形態(tài)的"活躍期"走向中世紀的一元形態(tài)的"僵化期"。
[Abstract]:The religious pattern of the early Roman Empire was diverse. The Roman Empire tolerated the existence of ethnic religions without jeopardizing its political rule. By the end of the Roman Empire, the Roman emperor wanted to foster a religion that met his needs as a state religion in order to establish a unifying imperial ideology. There are political considerations, as well as cultural and social considerations. In the late Roman period, some religions had changed from a regional religion to a "public" religion, and Christianity was one of the typical religions. The Roman emperor initially chose to make worship of the sun as a "state religion", but it met with unyielding resistance from Christianity. In view of the fact that Christianity was a "public religion" which to a large extent satisfied the needs of the Empire, the Roman Emperor eventually chose to incorporate Christianity as the "state religion". The original aim was to strengthen its rule, but this major shift in religious policy also created new problems. Christianity, which became the "state religion", could not save the fate of the Roman Empire. This unified religion led the western culture from the "active period" of the classical pluralistic form to the "ossified period" of the monistic form in the Middle Ages.
【作者單位】： 復旦大學哲學學院;
【基金】：“孔學堂”重大項目“中國傳統(tǒng)文化與馬克思主義中國化”(項目批準號:kxtzd201505) 國家社科一般項目“西方社會哲學研究”(項目批準號:15BZX078)的階段性成果
【分類號】：B979
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本文編號：1871306