本文選題：禪學(xué)　切入點(diǎn)：圓悟克勤　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2010年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 圓悟克勤是宋代中期的一位禪門宗師,在中國禪宗史上具有很大貢獻(xiàn)。他給后人留下了很多寶貴的資料,尤其是他的《碧巖錄》、《圓悟心要》和《圓悟克勤禪師語錄》三部著作,把中國的禪文化推向了輝煌的頂峰�？梢哉f,圓悟不僅是一位證悟自性、心靈自由的禪僧,也是一位通達(dá)經(jīng)論和各家宗旨、善于闡釋的大家。本文全面搜集資料,充分利用今人的研究成果,試圖對(duì)圓悟禪學(xué)進(jìn)行首次全面系統(tǒng)的研究,探明其禪學(xué)的主旨精神與博大內(nèi)涵,并重新審視對(duì)圓悟的歷史評(píng)價(jià),從而深化對(duì)宋代禪宗史的研究。 本文分引言、正文和結(jié)語三個(gè)部分,正文共分六章。 引言介紹了本論文的研究緣起,并就本文的研究方法、研究思路、研究難點(diǎn)做了交代,同時(shí)簡(jiǎn)單介紹了本文的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。 第一章宋代政治文化與宋代禪宗的特色。本章介紹宋代政治文化及佛教政策,并考察了宋代禪宗的特色,為圓悟禪學(xué)思想的時(shí)代背景做一個(gè)交代。一個(gè)人的思想與他生活的社會(huì)環(huán)境有很大關(guān)系。要理解圓悟的禪學(xué)思想,首先要弄清圓悟禪學(xué)思想產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)歷史背景、當(dāng)時(shí)的文化趨勢(shì)和文化環(huán)境,同時(shí)須注意到禪宗發(fā)展的過程及其時(shí)代特色。 第二章生平與活動(dòng)。本章介紹圓悟克勤的生平與活動(dòng),包括其修道歷程、禪法師承、悟道因緣、住持交游與學(xué)識(shí)著作。 第三章“人人腳跟下本有此段大光明”的心性論。本章主要探討了圓悟克勤提出的“人人腳跟下本有此段大光明”的心性論思想。宋代是一個(gè)文化全面交融與整合的時(shí)代,圓悟禪師為了讓學(xué)人尤其是參禪的士大夫理解禪宗思想,他用更加明白易懂的語言來詮釋心性本體�！叭巳四_跟下本有此段大光明”的命題就是在這樣的背景下提出來的,它包含“人人腳跟下”和“本有此段大光明”兩個(gè)方面,“人人腳跟下”指出了禪法的當(dāng)下性,表明禪宗的一切心性哲學(xué)都離不開這個(gè)正在發(fā)生的當(dāng)下世界；“本有此段大光明”明確了禪法的現(xiàn)實(shí)努力方向與任務(wù)。這樣的說法,在禪宗的思想史當(dāng)中,頗具新意及開創(chuàng)性,因此我們作了深入的解析。 第四章轉(zhuǎn)迷為悟的工夫論。本章對(duì)圓悟克勤工夫論中的幾個(gè)核心思想作了全面論述。圓悟克勤認(rèn)為,人人當(dāng)下本來就有心性大光明,只不過被妄想的烏云所遮蔽,只有通過持之以恒地做轉(zhuǎn)迷為悟的工夫,回光返照,才能達(dá)到靈光獨(dú)耀、心靈自由、徹底安樂的境界,這些思想既源自慧能以來的禪法傳統(tǒng),又有創(chuàng)新性,在強(qiáng)調(diào)“禪非意想”、“回光返照”、“直下承當(dāng)”等說法形式上也帶有時(shí)代特色,是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的細(xì)化與深化,為其弟子大慧宗杲提倡“看話頭”禪法奠定了理論基礎(chǔ),這些觀點(diǎn)也蘊(yùn)含著豐富的哲學(xué)思想與人生智慧。他的公案禪,強(qiáng)調(diào)不管字面上的意思如何,都是通過舉公案來攝心,達(dá)到開悟的目的,公案只有開悟的契機(jī)的作用(敲門瓦子),悟到了就不必拘泥于公案。大慧宗果則基于這一思想活動(dòng)創(chuàng)造了看話禪,但實(shí)際上在圓悟克勤的時(shí)代,已經(jīng)可看出幾乎所有的看話禪的因素。 第五章“文字禪”思想與詮釋實(shí)踐。圓悟克勤是“文字禪”的代表人物,他對(duì)禪與語言文字的關(guān)系有深刻的見解,并在用語言文字詮釋禪與公案方面身體力行,給后世留下了寶貴的精神財(cái)富。本文認(rèn)為,在對(duì)待語言文字方面,圓悟克勤很有創(chuàng)新性,他把解釋公案、頌文和闡述經(jīng)教三者結(jié)合起來,用評(píng)唱直截了當(dāng)?shù)剡M(jìn)行解說,容易為人們所理解,這種經(jīng)典的流傳,既是傳禪,也是傳教,既順應(yīng)了文字禪的發(fā)展潮流,又開創(chuàng)了融合經(jīng)教的新途徑。 第六章圓悟克勤禪學(xué)的歷史影響。圓悟禪學(xué)思想的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的,一方面是他對(duì)公案的創(chuàng)造性詮釋,消解了公案的具體意義,把公案僅僅作為一種“理”的象征,并用作一種修心手段,這些影響了后來的看話禪與默照禪；另一方面,他文字禪的體例及詮釋方式一直是后來類似作品的典范,比如評(píng)唱,一直被后世解讀公案者所運(yùn)用。 結(jié)語這部分對(duì)圓悟克勤的禪學(xué)思想及其貢獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)與評(píng)價(jià)。我們認(rèn)為,圓悟克勤既是前人禪學(xué)思想的總結(jié)者,又是新禪法的開創(chuàng)者,更是是善于說禪的詮釋者,他的禪學(xué)特色正是體現(xiàn)了禪學(xué)范式變化的過渡性特征,為后面出現(xiàn)的看話禪和默照禪奠定了基礎(chǔ),深入分析、研究圓悟禪學(xué)及其歷史影響,是弄清中國禪宗發(fā)展演變及其范式變化的一個(gè)極為重要的關(guān)節(jié)點(diǎn),也是理解整個(gè)中國禪宗興衰的重要環(huán)節(jié)。
[Abstract]:Yuanwu Keqin is a Zen master of the middle Song Dynasty, has a great contribution in the history of China Zen. He left a lot of valuable information for future generations, especially his "green rock record >, < circle > and < to enlightenment heart Yuanwu Keqin Zen quotations > three works, the China Zen culture to the peak. It can be said that the circle of enlightenment is not only an enlightened self, spiritual freedom is a Zen monk, accessible by the theory and the purpose of interpretation at everyone. This comprehensive collection of information, make full use of present research, trying to research on the circle of the first comprehensive system of Zen enlightenment to explore the spirit of Zen, and broad connotation, and to re-examine the historical evaluation circle of enlightenment, so as to deepen the study of the Song Dynasty Zen history.
This article is divided into three parts: the introduction, the text and the conclusion, and the text is divided into six chapters.
The introduction introduces the origin of the research, and explains the research methods, research ideas and research difficulties, and introduces the logical structure of this paper.
The first chapter of the Song Dynasty and the Song Dynasty Zen political and cultural characteristics. This chapter introduces the Song Dynasty political culture and Buddhism policy, and investigated the characteristics of the Song Dynasty Zen, Zen enlightenment is round the background to do an explanation. A person's thoughts have a great relationship with his life and social environment. To understand Yuanwu Zen. We must first understand Zen circle realizes the social and historical background, cultural trend and cultural environment at that time, also must pay attention to the process of the development of Zen and the characteristics of the times.
The second chapter of his life and activities. This chapter introduces the life and activities of the circle to include the history of monasticism Keqin, Zen master, the abbot of his knowledge and Enlightenment karma works.
The third chapter "under the heel of this section has all the grand" disposition theory. This chapter mainly discusses Yuanwu Keqin's "under the heel of this section are all grand" nature thought. Song Dynasty is an era of comprehensive cultural fusion and integration, in order to let people learn to master circle especially Zen taxi the doctor understand Zen, he used more intelligible language interpretation of mind ontology. "Everyone under the heel of this section is the grand" proposition is put forward in this background, it contains all "heel" and "the two aspects of the light", "everyone pointed out that under the heel" the moment of Zen, Zen philosophy of mind that all cannot do without this happening now "the world; the light clear and realistic direction. The second task in this argument, the thought of Zen In history, it was new and pioneering, so we made an in-depth analysis.
The fourth chapter is to turn many time on this chapter of the Wu round several core thought in the theory of time Keqin comprehensively expounded. Yuanwu Keqin believed that everyone present had a mind light, but was obscured by the delusion of clouds, only by doing as many to persevere to the time, the last radiance of the setting sun. In order to achieve the freedom of mind, Yao Emmanuel, completely peaceful realm, these ideas can come from the traditional Zen Hui Neng since, and innovation, to emphasize the "Zen" non intention "," statement form the last radiance of the setting sun ", direct bear" also with the characteristics of the times, and deepen and refine the tradition, for the disciple of Da Hui Zong Gao "Zen Buddist" advocate has laid a theoretical foundation, these views also contains abundant philosophical thoughts and wisdom of life. No matter how stressed his Zen Koan, literally, is through the lift case to photo of the heart, To attain enlightenment, only an enlightened detective role opportunity (WA Zi door), realized it is not confined to the case. The thought of Da Hui Zong fruit based activities created to see if Zen, but in fact in Yuanwu Keqin era, already can see almost all of the factors to see the words of Zen.
The fifth chapter "words of Zen" thought and interpretation practice. Yuanwu Keqin is a representative of "words of Zen", his relationship to Zen and the language of profound insights, and practice in the use of words and interpretation of Zen Koan, has left a precious spiritual wealth. This paper argues that, in dealing with language the text, Yuanwu Keqin is creative, he translated detective, and analyses the teaching should combine the three, with commentary sing bluntly to explain, easy to understand for people, the spread of this classic, is Zen, is also a missionary, not only conforms to the development trend of words of Zen, and created a new by the way of teaching integration.
The sixth chapter round historical influence. The influence of Zen Wu Keqin Wu round of Buddhist thought is profound, on the one hand he is on the legal case of creative interpretation, the specific significance of digestion of the court, the case only as a "physical" symbol, and used as a means to repair the heart, and the influence of the later to see if the mozhao Zen and Zen; on the other hand, style and interpretation of the way he has been writing Zen later similar works model, such as evaluation of singing, has been using readingdetective later.
The conclusion of this part of the circle of Zen Wu Keqin and its contributions are summarized and evaluated. We believe that the summarist Yuanwu Keqin is the former Buddhist ideology, is the pioneer of the new school, is a good interpretation of Zen, Zen and his characteristic is a manifestation of the transitional characteristics of Zen paradigm change. To see the words behind the mozhao Zen Zen and laid the foundation for in-depth analysis, research circle and its historical influence. Basically, it is Chinese Zen development and paradigm change is a very important point, is also an important link to understand the whole China Zen rise and fall.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：B948

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