本文選題：波蘭　切入點：天主教會　出處：《中央民族大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：政教關系自古就是影響國家穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的重要因素之一,同時它也影響和決定宗教與其他社會因素的關系。隨著20世紀社會主義制度的發(fā)展,“無神論”的觀點逐漸在社會主義國家盛行,宗教這個“神”的產(chǎn)物與之發(fā)生了強烈而又新奇的接觸與碰撞。波蘭作為東歐社會主義陣營的前沿,同時又具有上千年羅馬天主教的傳統(tǒng),在這一時期的內(nèi)部抗爭顯得尤為特殊。 對于波蘭的政教關系研究,我國國內(nèi)的研究者只是少數(shù),波蘭本國及歐美國家的研究大多是從政治學角度出發(fā)的。這些研究從理論探討到實證調(diào)查,從縱向的歷史分析到某個橫斷面的結構研究,為我們的進一步研究做出了開拓性的貢獻。但是也存在一些空白的區(qū)域,有待我們進一步探討,如大部分文章只探討了國家政權對宗教團體的管理政策,鮮少有具體討論某些宗教政策的利弊,要求宗教與社會主義相適應,卻很少能提出具體的方式；又如本文所要探討的領域,在經(jīng)歷了社會制度轉型之后的宗教政策更值得研究并從中發(fā)掘?qū)氋F的經(jīng)驗和教訓。 本文大體分為四個部分： 第一部分是論述波蘭的概況及其天主教發(fā)展簡史,可以看出波蘭發(fā)展至今,無論是在和平年代還是在戰(zhàn)爭年代,天主教都已經(jīng)深深融入到波蘭人血液中,無形中已經(jīng)成為了波蘭的民族認同了。 文章的第二部分論述了1945年后,也就是社會主義政權治理下的波蘭政教關系。對于一個擁有一千多年天主教傳統(tǒng)的國家而言,在短短幾十年甚至十幾年內(nèi)放棄天主教信仰是不可行的,波蘭統(tǒng)一工人黨雖然提出政教分離原則,但在實際生活中又不得不借助天主教的影響力,鞏固其政權,維護社會穩(wěn)定,因而當局政府對天主教的政策時好時壞,政教之間的界限模糊不清,政府過多地干預教會的各項事務,最終導致教會走向社會主義政府的對立面。 第三部分論述了東歐劇變之后,新民主共和國時期的波蘭政府與天主教之間的政教關系。這段時期,政教分離原則依然是處理政教關系的不二準則,但政府與教會之間的界限依然模糊。與上一個時期相反的是教會的權威性在波蘭籍教宗若望·保祿二世登基后和東歐劇變之后在波蘭社會中大大增加,甚至希望在波蘭建立以天主教價值觀為中心的法律體系。這同樣是逐漸偏離了政教分離原則。這部分內(nèi)容就是圍繞天主教與政府在政治生活和社會生活中決策的矛盾展開的,包括宗教教育問題、墮胎問題、公共領域的競選活動以及媒體宣傳等方面。 第四部分是本文對于上述波蘭兩個時期的政教關系對比后得出的結論。波蘭的意識形態(tài)在改變,力量對比在改變,政教關系隨之改變,但是有一條原則是不變的,那就是政教分離。民眾希望“上帝的歸上帝,凱撒的歸凱撒”,無論是政府想要干預教會事務,抑或是教會想要參與政治和社會事務都得不到民眾的支持。只有民眾才是政府與教會這架天平上的砝碼。
[Abstract]:The relationship between politics and religion has always been one of the important factors that affect the stable development of the national economy, at the same time it also affect and decide the religion and other social factors. With the development of the socialist system in twentieth Century, "atheism" has gradually prevailed in a socialist country, the religion of "God" and the occurrence of the contact and impact of strong and novelty. Poland as the eastern frontier of the socialist camp, but also has thousands of years of Rome Catholic tradition, in this period the internal struggle is particularly special.
For the study of the relationship between Poland, China, only a few studies in China and Europe and the United States, Poland's own research mostly from the perspective of political science. The research from theory to empirical investigation and analysis from historical research to the structure of a cross section, made pioneering contributions to our further studies. But there are some gaps in the region, we need to further study, such as most of the discussions on religious groups of state power management policy, rarely has the advantages discussed some religious policies, and religions to adapt to socialist but rarely put forward specific ways; and as this paper is to explore the field and after the religious policy after the transformation of the social system more worthy of study and explore the valuable experience and lessons from it.
This article is divided into four parts:
The first part is about the general situation of Poland and its brief history of Catholic development. It can be seen that since the development of Poland, no matter in the era of peace or in the war years, Catholicism has been deeply integrated into the blood of poles, and has virtually become the national identity of Poland.
The second part of the 1945, is the socialist regime under the control of the relationship between politics and religion. Poland has more than one thousand years for a Catholic tradition in the country, is not feasible in dozens of years or even decades to abandon the Catholic faith, the unification of Poland workers' Party has proposed the principle of secularism, but in real life he had to use the Catholic influence and consolidate its power, maintaining social stability, so the authorities of the Catholic government policy of good and bad, the boundaries between the church and the state is blurred, excessive government intervention in the affairs of the church, the church to the socialist government eventually led to the opposition.
The third part discusses the relationship between politics and religion in Eastern Europe, the Poland government and the Catholic New Democratic Republic. During this period, the principle of secularism is still dealing with the relation between church and state key criterion, but the boundaries between the government and the church is still vague. With a period when the opposite is the authority of the church greatly increased in the Poland community in Poland after the Pope John Paul II ascended the throne after and in Eastern Europe, even hope to establish a legal system for the center for Catholic values in Poland. This is also gradually deviated from the principle of secularism. This part is focused on contradiction Catholic and government decision-making in the political life and social life of the the problem, including the issue of abortion, religious education, the public areas of the campaign and the media publicity.
The fourth part is the comparison of the relationship between politics and religion above Poland two periods after the conclusion. Poland's ideology in the balance of power in the change, change, change the relationship between politics and religion, but the principle is the same, that is the separation of church and state. People hope that "God's return to God, Kaiser to Kaiser, no matter the government wants to intervene matters of the church, or church to participate in political and social affairs without the support of the people. Only people are the government and the church on this balance weight.

【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：B976.1

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 孔田平;東歐劇變后國家與教會關系的演化[J];俄羅斯中亞東歐研究;2003年04期

2 田春生;原蘇聯(lián)東歐國家社會制度劇變的原因探析[J];東歐中亞研究;1997年03期

3 符潤中;;波蘭統(tǒng)一工人黨喪權原因淺析[J];今日蘇聯(lián)東歐;1990年02期

4 朱桂英;王伯軍;;團結工會的性質(zhì)及其上臺的教訓[J];今日蘇聯(lián)東歐;1990年05期

5 陳郊衛(wèi) ,王春永;淺析俄羅斯政治中的利益集團[J];今日東歐中亞;1999年05期

6 戴繼誠;;宗教與國家安全[J];中國人民公安大學學報(社會科學版);2007年04期

7 汪亭友;;波蘭劇變的主要原因與歷史教訓[J];科學社會主義;2009年05期

8 賀蕊玲;;波蘭“共產(chǎn)主義后繼黨”的發(fā)展演變及啟示[J];科學社會主義;2010年01期

9 劉緒雷;;天主教的生命觀——以墮胎問題為中心[J];理論界;2012年03期

10 朱曉黎;;淺論宗教組織與社會運動——以前東德新教教會主導的獨立和平運動為例[J];世界宗教文化;2010年05期

，

本文編號：1586637