本文關(guān)鍵詞： 安岳石窟 保護(hù)性建筑 窟檐 遺產(chǎn)保護(hù) 修復(fù)設(shè)計　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：石窟寺是一種重要的傳統(tǒng)建筑形式,隨佛教從印度傳入中國,其在歷史、藝術(shù)、建筑等方面都具有重要的價值。20世紀(jì)以來,人們對于遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)的認(rèn)知逐漸加深,從《威尼斯憲章》對歷史文物價值保護(hù)的肯定,到《奈良文件》、《北京文件》對亞洲地區(qū)文物真實性的價值探討,再到《中國文物古跡保護(hù)準(zhǔn)則》的制定和完善,我們有了一套保護(hù)文物遺產(chǎn)的原則參照。而石窟寺作為一種特殊的內(nèi)涵豐富的文物形式,對其加以保護(hù)和利用具有重要的代表意義。中國擁有數(shù)量眾多的石窟寺遺產(chǎn),由于政治經(jīng)濟(jì)等一系列復(fù)雜的原因,其保護(hù)狀況呈現(xiàn)出很不均衡的狀態(tài)。四川安岳地區(qū)擁有一大批精美的石窟,其雕刻精妙絕倫,上承廣元,下啟大足。但相比于北方石窟和鄰近的大足石窟,安岳石窟卻顯得默默無聞。在過去,無論是科研還是保護(hù),安岳石窟都沒有受到足夠的重視。已有的研究大多數(shù)也是出于雕刻藝術(shù)和歷史學(xué)的方向,而如何用建筑學(xué)的手段對其進(jìn)行保護(hù),還缺乏系統(tǒng)的研究。而隨著人們對于其價值認(rèn)知的加深和建設(shè)發(fā)展的需要,安岳石窟的保護(hù)研究可謂迫在眉睫。相比于傳統(tǒng)的木構(gòu)建筑,石質(zhì)文物性質(zhì)較穩(wěn)定,因此得以延續(xù)千年,但其依然會受到風(fēng)化、水蝕以及人為因素的破壞。近年來城市化呈爆炸式發(fā)展,環(huán)境的突變可能導(dǎo)致文物受破壞的速度加劇。保護(hù)文物有很多種方法,而通過以修建窟檐為代表的"建筑手段"對其保護(hù),具有長遠(yuǎn)的歷史傳統(tǒng),具有較溫和、穩(wěn)定、美觀的優(yōu)點。這些保護(hù)石窟的房屋,構(gòu)件以及環(huán)境營造的設(shè)施等,稱為保護(hù)性建筑。保護(hù)性建筑不僅保護(hù)著文物,其本身也具有相應(yīng)的歷史藝術(shù)的價值。本文對窟檐修復(fù)與保護(hù)性設(shè)施對策進(jìn)行研究。通過對于安岳石窟寺的歷史沿革、地理環(huán)境和分布的分析,明確窟檐和保護(hù)性建筑所處的空間環(huán)境。記錄石窟的建筑形態(tài),分析保護(hù)性建筑的材質(zhì)、構(gòu)造方式和延續(xù)方法,以得出建造適用于安岳的有地區(qū)特色的保護(hù)性建筑的方法;并且對保護(hù)性建筑的設(shè)計進(jìn)行展望,探討新材料、新技術(shù)在安岳石窟保護(hù)中運用的可行性。
[Abstract]:Grottoes Temple is an important traditional architectural form. With the introduction of Buddhism from India to China, it has important value in history, art, architecture and so on. Since the 20th century, people's understanding of heritage protection has gradually deepened. From the affirmation of the Venice Charter to the value protection of historical relics, to the discussion of the value of the Nara document, the Beijing document to the authenticity of cultural relics in Asia, and to the formulation and improvement of the guidelines for the Protection of Chinese Cultural relics and Monuments, We have a set of principles for the protection of cultural relics. As a special form of cultural relics with rich connotations, it is of great significance to protect and utilize it. China has a large number of grottoes temple heritage. As a result of a series of complicated political and economic reasons, its protection has shown a very uneven state. The Anyue region of Sichuan Province has a large number of exquisite grottoes, which are beautifully carved and inherited from Guangyuan. But compared to the northern grottoes and the nearby Dazu grottoes, the Anyue grottoes were unknown. In the past, whether scientific research or protection, Anyue grottoes have not received enough attention. Most of the existing studies have also been based on the direction of sculpture and history, and how to protect them by architectural means. However, with the deepening of people's value cognition and the need of construction and development, it is urgent to study the protection of Anyue Grottoes. Compared with traditional wooden structures, the nature of stone relics is relatively stable. So it continues for millennia, but it will still be destroyed by weathering, water erosion and human factors. Urbanization has exploded in recent years, and sudden changes in the environment may lead to an increase in the rate of destruction of cultural relics. There are many ways to protect cultural relics. And through the "building means" represented by building the eaves of the grottoes, it has a long-term historical tradition and has the advantages of being gentle, stable and beautiful. These protect the houses, components and environmental facilities of the grottoes, etc. It is called protective building. The protective building not only protects the cultural relics, but also has the corresponding historical art value. This paper studies the countermeasures of the restoration and protective facilities of the eaves of the grottoes. Through the historical evolution of the Anyue Grottoes Temple, Analyzing the geographical environment and distribution, defining the spatial environment where the eaves of the grottoes and the protective buildings are located, recording the architectural forms of the grottoes, analyzing the materials, construction methods and continuation methods of the protective buildings, In order to obtain the method of constructing the protective building with regional characteristics suitable for Anyue, the design of the protective building is prospected, and the feasibility of the application of new materials and new technology in the protection of Anyue grottoes is discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K879.29;TU252

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