本文關(guān)鍵詞：論康德的宗教哲學(xué)　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2006年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 康德 宗教哲學(xué) 理性 科學(xué) 道德 上帝 哥白尼革命

【摘要】：康德在批判地考察人類理性的各個方面時，他實質(zhì)上把人的問題歸結(jié)為兩個方面：理性與宗教。要想搞清人是什么這個問題，就必須回答它的對立面神是什么?這就是康德的宗教哲學(xué)。因此理性思想和宗教思想是康德哲學(xué)同時被思考的兩個主題，是一明一暗兩條主線，其中理性思想是明線，一貫到底：宗教思想是暗線，并隨著探討的深入逐步地明朗化。 本文主要探討了康德宗教哲學(xué)的緣起、形成、發(fā)展的歷程和特征。首先試圖說明家庭學(xué)校社會對康德宗教思想形成所產(chǎn)生的影響�？档率且粋�非常復(fù)雜的人物，一方面他崇尚科學(xué)反對宗教，另一方面他的生活又受到了宗教特別是虔敬教派深深的影響；家庭的環(huán)境很容易讓他的思想形成道德中心論。這樣他反對神又割舍不掉神；他強調(diào)科學(xué)和理性，又認(rèn)同了上帝在道德領(lǐng)域的價值。這些都為康德的宗教思想的“哥白尼革命”打下基礎(chǔ)。其次探究宗教哲學(xué)思想在整個康德哲學(xué)體系中的發(fā)展歷程。前批判時期宗教問題和理性問題是被同時思考著。第一批判中他把上帝排斥在科學(xué)的范圍之外，同時為上帝的存在留下地盤。第二批判中，他認(rèn)為道德是宗教的基礎(chǔ)，上帝是道德理性的推論，同時又成為人到達(dá)“至善”的保證。在道德中心論的基礎(chǔ)上他重建了宗教，實現(xiàn)了宗教思想的“哥白尼革命”。《判斷力批判》中對美學(xué)的論述為宗教思想的進(jìn)一步闡釋提供了調(diào)和、和諧思想�；谶@種思想，康德完成了傳統(tǒng)思想與理性思想的調(diào)和，同時也使傳統(tǒng)宗教思想與宗教理念之間得以調(diào)和。 本文認(rèn)為康德宗教思想的緣起，，一方面從人的本性上來說，在于人的有限性及有限的人對無限理念追求所產(chǎn)生困惑與彷徨；另一方面從西方傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)思想來看，它根源于西方傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)思想中對一系列相對立的范疇的割裂：絕對與相對、純粹與雜多、感性與理性、一與多、動與靜等，正是由于這一系列范疇的割裂才需要一個上帝來彌合有限的人與無限理念的裂痕。因此上帝既是調(diào)和的產(chǎn)物又是調(diào)和的手段。 此選題的意義在于挖掘康德宗教思想的創(chuàng)見性，進(jìn)一步地揭示宗教哲學(xué)的轉(zhuǎn)換，在這種轉(zhuǎn)換中康德的宗教哲學(xué)思想起了關(guān)鍵的作用。
[Abstract]:When Kant critically examined all aspects of human rationality, he essentially reduced the question of human beings to two aspects: reason and religion. In order to understand the question of what man is, he must answer its opposite God. This is Kant's philosophy of religion. Therefore, rational thought and religious thought are the two themes of Kant's philosophy which are considered simultaneously, and are the two main lines of one light and one dark, in which rational thought is the bright line. Consistent to the end: religious thought is the dark line, and as the discussion gradually become clear. This paper mainly discusses the origin and formation of Kant's religious philosophy. First of all, it attempts to explain the influence of homeschooling society on the formation of Kant's religious thought. Kant is a very complicated figure. On the one hand, he advocates science and opposes religion. On the other hand, his life was deeply influenced by religion, especially the religious religion. It is easy for the family environment to form a moral centeredness of his mind, so that he opposes God and cannot give up God; He emphasized science and reason. It also recognizes the value of God in the realm of morality. These are the "Copernican Revolution" of Kant's religious thought. Lay the foundation. Secondly, explore the development process of religious philosophy thought in the whole Kant philosophy system. In the first critique, he excluded God from the scope of science. Outside. In the second critique, he thinks that morality is the foundation of religion and God is the inference of moral reason. At the same time, he became the guarantee of man's reaching the "supreme good". He rebuilt religion on the basis of the theory of moral center. Realized the "Copernican Revolution" of religious thought. The exposition of aesthetics in critique of judgment provided the harmonious and harmonious thought for the further interpretation of religious thought. Kant completed the harmony between traditional thought and rational thought, at the same time, made the traditional religious thought and religious idea conciliated. This paper holds that the origin of Kant's religious thought lies in, on the one hand, the limitation of human beings and the confusion and hesitation of limited people in the pursuit of infinite ideas, on the one hand, from the point of view of human nature; On the other hand, it originates from the separation of a series of opposite categories in the western traditional philosophy: absolute and relative, pure and miscellaneous, perceptual and rational, one and more, moving and still, and so on. It is precisely because the division of this series of categories requires a God to bridge the rift between finite human beings and infinite ideas that God is both a product and a means of reconciliation. The significance of this topic lies in exploring the originality of Kant's religious thought and further revealing the transformation of religious philosophy, in which Kant's religious philosophy thought plays a key role.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：B516.31;B91

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