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  本文關鍵詞：宋代臨濟禪思想的發(fā)展演變　出處：《河北大學》2005年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 義玄 善昭 慧南 宗杲 看話禪

【摘要】：本文研究宋代臨濟禪發(fā)展演變的不同形態(tài)以及發(fā)展演變的原因。全文分兩部分,第一部分從第一章到第六章,主要研究宋代臨濟禪各階段的不同形態(tài),以及臨濟文字禪、臨濟宗社會文化思想,而以禪法的不同形態(tài)為主要研究內(nèi)容;第二部分是第七章,研究臨濟禪發(fā)展演變的原因。通觀宋代臨濟禪思想的發(fā)展演變,一個基本的方向是非常清楚的,即由義玄時期的以禪機為主,逐漸向強調(diào)說理、強調(diào)行持、強調(diào)戒律、強調(diào)有一個明確的行持方向演變。 禪思想的演變有思想本身發(fā)展和社會影響兩方面的基本原因。臨濟禪由義玄禪師創(chuàng)始于唐朝后期,到北宋初已有數(shù)代,隨著佛教的發(fā)展,思想的整合已成為時代的需要。同時,由于唐朝中后期以來社會各方面發(fā)生了較大的變化,臨濟禪需要適當調(diào)整才能合于時代的要求。為此善昭在傳禪過程之中,增強了禪理論的完善性,根據(jù)需要加強了基礎教育,采用了大量的“閑家具”。與其調(diào)整有關,臨濟禪向全國迅速擴展。到北宋中期,社會矛盾進一步發(fā)展,在當時的禪師言論中,講到進入“末法時代”的言論明顯增加。為適應這種狀況,黃龍慧南和楊岐方會禪思想在有明確參禪目標和以理解心方面有了突出的調(diào)變,其中以黃龍慧南禪思想較典型。黃龍慧南禪思想的關鍵在于黃龍三關的運用,因黃龍三關在慧南禪法中運用較多,又有豐富的含義,在弟子中造成對三關的參究。這就給臨濟禪原以禪機為主的方式帶來了新的變化,即在有一個明確的參禪目標方面大大前進了一步。到北宋后期和南宋初,社會問題進一步嚴重化,從禪的角度而言,對學者的信念等都有一定影響。為在這種情況下謀得發(fā)展,大慧宗杲完善了看話禪體系,在解理方面更是達到了空前絕后的程度。同時,臨濟禪與凈土思想結合,使參禪目標更為清晰,方法更為簡便。宋時形成的參禪基本方式從宗杲時期直到近代未變,這意味著宗杲時期臨濟禪基本實現(xiàn)了近代的轉型。 文字禪在北宋中期取得迅速發(fā)展,此后歷史上出現(xiàn)的各種文字禪形式相繼出現(xiàn),這主要是宋代文化高度發(fā)展的結果,也體現(xiàn)了宋代禪的高度發(fā)展。臨濟禪的社會思想以和諧、追求“解脫”為核心,在此基礎上,可以看出還具有從和諧出發(fā)講究順情達變的特點,其道德倫理思想以維護和諧為基礎�；酆榈脑姼杓霸姼枥碚撆c其禪思想密切相關。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the different forms and reasons of the development of Linji Zen in Song Dynasty. The thesis is divided into two parts: the first part is from Chapter one to Chapter 6th, mainly studying the different forms of each stage of Linji Zen in Song Dynasty. The main contents of the study are the different forms of Zen as well as the social and cultural thoughts of Lingji script and Jizong. The second part is 7th chapter, studying the reasons of the development and evolution of Linji Zen. A basic direction of the development of Linji Zen in Song Dynasty is very clear, that is, from the period of Yi-Xuan to Zen. Gradually to emphasize reasoning, practice, discipline, emphasis on a clear direction of conduct evolution. The evolution of Zen thought has two basic reasons: the development of the thought itself and the social influence. Linji Zen was founded by Yi-Xuan Zen Master in the late Tang Dynasty and has been for several generations since the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty with the development of Buddhism. The integration of ideas has become the need of the times. At the same time, due to the Tang Dynasty since the middle and later period of social changes have taken place. In order to meet the requirements of the times, Zen needs to be adjusted properly. Therefore, in the process of Zen preaching, it strengthens the perfection of Zen theory and strengthens the basic education according to the need. Used a large number of "leisure furniture". Related to its adjustment, Linji Zen to the rapid expansion of the country. By the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, the social contradictions further developed, in the then Zen master's speech. In order to adapt to this situation, Huang Lung-hui Nan and Yang Qi-fang 's Zen thoughts have changed significantly in terms of having a clear objective to participate in the meditation and to understand the mind. Huanglong Huinan Zen thought is more typical. The key of Huang long Huinan Zen thought lies in the use of Huanglong San pass, because Huanglong San Guan is used more frequently in Huinan Zen method and has rich meaning. This has brought about a new change in the way Linji Zen was based on Zen, that is, a great step forward in the aspect of having a clear goal to participate in Zen. By the late Northern Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty. Social problems become more serious, from the point of view of Zen, it has a certain impact on scholars' beliefs. In order to achieve development in this situation, Da Hui-zonggao has improved the system of reading and speaking Zen. At the same time, the combination of Linji Zen and Pure Land makes the goal of reference Zen more clear. The method is more convenient. The basic mode of meditation formed in Song Dynasty from Zonggao period to modern times has not changed, which means that Linji Chan in Zonggao period basically realized the transformation of modern times. Writing Zen made rapid development in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty. Since then, various Zen forms have appeared in history, which is mainly the result of the high development of Song Dynasty culture. It also reflects the high development of Zen in Song Dynasty. The social thought of Linji Zen regards harmony and the pursuit of "liberation" as the core. On this basis, it can be seen that there are also the characteristics of harmony. His moral and ethical thoughts are based on maintaining harmony. Hui Hong's poetry and poetic theory are closely related to his Zen thought.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：B949.2

【引證文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 宮波;佛禪與王安石詩歌研究[D];吉林大學;2012年

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 張翔;以言意觀為中心的北宋文字禪研究[D];北京語言大學;2008年

2 胡鶴寧;跨文化視角下對外漢語教學中節(jié)日類名詞研究[D];華中師范大學;2012年

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本文編號：1361253