【摘要】：宗法作為一種維護(hù)宗族內(nèi)部秩序的制度和準(zhǔn)則,為適應(yīng)不同歷史條件而發(fā)生變化。在宋朝建立以后,張載、程頤和程顥為明統(tǒng)系、收宗族,主張建立與宋代社會(huì)條件相適應(yīng)的宗法制度,由此宋型宗法得以構(gòu)建。生活于南宋初年的呂祖謙,在宋型宗法和家族傳統(tǒng)背景下,勤于宗法,潛心研究,編撰《宗法》、《昏禮》、《葬儀》、《祭禮》和《宗法條目》來表達(dá)宗法思想。通過對(duì)呂祖謙宗法書目分析可知,呂祖謙宗法思想不僅包括呂祖謙對(duì)宗法的認(rèn)識(shí)和見解,還包括他在家族禮法和規(guī)范宗人規(guī)范中所蘊(yùn)含的思想,具體表現(xiàn)為:一,異宮同財(cái),有余則歸,不足則取,及昏、冠、喪、祭必告的宗族形態(tài)。此種宗族形態(tài)既同于宋代常見的宗族形態(tài),又存有獨(dú)特之處,呂祖謙這種宗法思想的形成與宋代社會(huì)和呂氏家族有很大關(guān)系。二,宗子觀。在宋型宗法得以構(gòu)建的背景下,賢德論和仕宦說受到官僚士人的青睞,但呂祖謙仍堅(jiān)持古禮、遵守經(jīng)典宗法的傳統(tǒng)做法,提出嫡先庶后的宗子觀,這種宗法觀念也使其其宗法思想具有博采古今、嚴(yán)于禮制的特點(diǎn)。三,尊祖、以禮治宗、重于祭祀和敬祖收族是貫穿于呂氏家族規(guī)范和管理?xiàng)l例中的宗法思想,也是呂祖謙宗法思想的重要構(gòu)成部分,進(jìn)一步豐富和拓展了宗法思想的固有內(nèi)容。呂祖謙宗法思想和表現(xiàn)宗法思想的行文內(nèi)容具有博采古今、立于當(dāng)下和嚴(yán)于禮制的特點(diǎn)。呂祖謙宗法思想對(duì)呂氏后輩、宋人治家、宗法思想及宗法建設(shè)的影響,“祠堂祭祖”宗法觀點(diǎn)對(duì)后世祭祀生活的影響,表明了呂祖謙及其宗法思想在宋型宗法構(gòu)建和宗法發(fā)展歷史中所具有的作用和貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Patriarchal clan, as a system and criterion to maintain clan internal order, has changed in order to adapt to different historical conditions. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, Zhang Zai, Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao were the system of the Ming Dynasty and accepted the clan, and advocated the establishment of the patriarchal clan system adapted to the social conditions of the Song Dynasty, and thus the patriarchal clan system of the Song Dynasty was constructed. Lu Zuqian, who lived in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, expressed his patriarchal thoughts under the background of the patriarchal clan and clan tradition of the Song Dynasty, diligently studying the patriarchal clan, compiling the patriarchal clan, the Evening Rites, the burial ceremony, the ritual of sacrifice and the entry of the patriarchal clan. Through the bibliographic analysis of Lu Zu-qian 's patriarchal clan, we can see that Lu Zu-qian 's patriarchal thoughts not only include Lu Zu-qian 's understanding and opinions on patriarchal clan, but also include his thoughts contained in the family rites and norms of patriarchal clan. If you have more, you will take it, and the form of fainting, crown, mourning and sacrifice will be declared. This kind of clan form is not only similar to the common clan form in Song Dynasty, but also unique. The formation of Lu Zuqian's patriarchal clan thought is closely related to the society of Song Dynasty and Lu's family. Second, patriarchal view. Under the background of the construction of the patriarchal clan in the Song Dynasty, the virtuous theory and the official theory were favored by the bureaucrats, but Lu Zuqian still insisted on the ancient rites, followed the traditional practice of the classical patriarchal clan, and put forward the patriarchal view of the first son after the first. This patriarchal concept also makes his patriarchal thought have the characteristics of collecting ancient and modern times and being strict to the etiquette system. Third, respecting ancestors and governing the clan by etiquette is the patriarchal thought that runs through the norms and regulations of Lu's family and is also an important part of Lu Zuqian's patriarchal thought, which further enriches and expands the inherent content of the patriarchal clan thought. Lu Zuqian's patriarchal thought and the writing content of the patriarchal clan thought have the characteristics of collecting the ancient and modern, standing in the present and strict to the etiquette system. The influence of Lu Zuqian's patriarchal clan thought on Lu's descendant, the ruling family of Song people, the patriarchal clan thought and the patriarchal clan construction, and the influence of the patriarchal clan idea of "ancestral temple to ancestors" on later generations' sacrificial life. It shows the role and contribution of Lu Zuqian and his patriarchal thoughts in the construction of patriarchal clan and the development of patriarchal clan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K892.9

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