清代江南地區(qū)水驛制度研究（1660-1911）
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-26 14:19
【摘要】：本文以清代江南地區(qū)水驛制度為研究對象,從順治十七年(公元1660年)朝廷復(fù)準(zhǔn)在江南地區(qū)的江寧、鎮(zhèn)江、常州、蘇州、嘉興、湖州、杭州等七府添設(shè)水驛始,至宣統(tǒng)三年(公元1911年)清王朝覆滅止。江南七府地區(qū)的水驛是在原有的驛站基礎(chǔ)上添設(shè)的,故而各水驛多與陸路驛站共處同一館舍。江南地區(qū)水驛多沿區(qū)域內(nèi)兩大水系長江與京杭大運河分布,呈現(xiàn)出沿江、沿河分布的水驛分布格局。江南水驛的分布格局為江南水驛發(fā)揮建設(shè)交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)、傳遞文報、遞送公務(wù)人員與外使朝貢、調(diào)防軍隊、運輸餉銀、發(fā)展地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)等水驛功能提供了載體。清王朝為維持江南水驛的正常運轉(zhuǎn),構(gòu)建了江南地區(qū)的水驛制度,為江南水驛的運行提供了制度性保障。太平軍時期,江南水驛遭受重創(chuàng),江南水驛的規(guī)模銳減,功能被嚴(yán)重削弱,戰(zhàn)后亦長期無法復(fù)原。太平軍在江南建立的通信機(jī)構(gòu)——疏附衙,負(fù)責(zé)傳遞太平軍軍情、政令,取代了江南水驛。太平軍戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后,民間社會力量參與江南水驛的重建活動,并促使水驛的使用權(quán)由官方向民間下放。清王朝在太平軍戰(zhàn)后對江南水驛進(jìn)行重建的過程中,對江南水驛制度進(jìn)行調(diào)整,以便江南水驛能夠繼續(xù)鞏固清王朝的統(tǒng)治。西方新式交通、通訊工具的傳入,在信息傳遞與運輸領(lǐng)域逐步取代傳統(tǒng)江南水驛。尤其是新式郵政的傳入,使得水驛傳遞文報的功能受到急遽削弱。傳統(tǒng)江南水驛未能在清末的變局中作出適時地調(diào)整,最終在“裁驛歸郵”的浪潮中淡出了歷史舞臺�！安皿A歸郵”雖為我國傳統(tǒng)郵驛發(fā)展之必然趨勢,因其所涉利益關(guān)系,且涉維護(hù)郵權(quán)問題,故而在實施過程中中央與地方之間,不同部門之間,甚至中外之間,博弈極為激烈。“裁驛歸郵”之路,可謂步履維艱。終清王朝之世,未能徹底完成“裁驛歸郵”,實現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)郵驛向現(xiàn)代郵政的轉(zhuǎn)型。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the water relay system in the south of the Yangtze River in Qing Dynasty as the research object, beginning with the restoration of the imperial court in Jiangning, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Hangzhou, etc., in Jiangning, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou and Hangzhou in Shunzhi seventeen years (AD 1660). Xuantong three years (A. D. 1911) Qing Dynasty fell. The water relay in Qifu area of the south of the Yangtze River is built on the basis of the original post station, so each water post station has the same premises with the land post station. In the south of the Yangtze River, the water relay is distributed along the Yangtze River and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, showing the distribution pattern along the river and along the river. The distribution pattern of Jiangnan water relay provides a carrier for the water relay function of Jiangnan water relay, such as building traffic network, transmitting papers, delivering tributary service to civil servants, adjusting and defending troops, transporting money, developing regional economy, and so on. In order to maintain the normal operation of the Jiangnan water relay, the Qing Dynasty constructed the water relay system in the south of the Yangtze River and provided the institutional guarantee for the operation of the Jiangnan water relay. During the period of Taiping Army, Jiangnan water relay suffered heavy damage, the scale of Jiangnan water relay decreased sharply, its function was seriously weakened, and it could not be restored for a long time after the war. Taiping Army in Jiangnan set up a communications organization-Shufu Ya, responsible for transmitting the Taiping Army military, political orders, replaced the Jiangnan water-relay. After the Taiping War, civil society took part in the reconstruction of Jiangnan water relay, and promoted the right of water relay to be transferred from the government to the people. In the process of rebuilding the Jiangnan water relay after the Taiping army, the Qing Dynasty adjusted the water relay system so that the Jiangnan water relay could continue to consolidate the Qing dynasty rule. In the field of information transmission and transportation, the western new traffic and communication means gradually replaced the traditional Jiangnan water relay. In particular, the introduction of new postal services, so that the water-post delivery of news-related function has been sharply weakened. The traditional Jiangnan water post failed to make timely adjustment in the late Qing Dynasty, and finally faded out of the historical stage in the tide of "returning the post to the post". Although "returning post" is an inevitable trend of the development of traditional postal post in our country, because of its interest relation and the protection of postal right, the game is extremely fierce between the central and local authorities, different departments and even between China and foreign countries in the process of implementation. The road of "returning post to mail" can be described as a difficult one. At the end of Qing Dynasty, it failed to complete the transition from traditional post to modern post.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：K249
本文編號：2205131
[Abstract]:This paper takes the water relay system in the south of the Yangtze River in Qing Dynasty as the research object, beginning with the restoration of the imperial court in Jiangning, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Hangzhou, etc., in Jiangning, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou and Hangzhou in Shunzhi seventeen years (AD 1660). Xuantong three years (A. D. 1911) Qing Dynasty fell. The water relay in Qifu area of the south of the Yangtze River is built on the basis of the original post station, so each water post station has the same premises with the land post station. In the south of the Yangtze River, the water relay is distributed along the Yangtze River and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, showing the distribution pattern along the river and along the river. The distribution pattern of Jiangnan water relay provides a carrier for the water relay function of Jiangnan water relay, such as building traffic network, transmitting papers, delivering tributary service to civil servants, adjusting and defending troops, transporting money, developing regional economy, and so on. In order to maintain the normal operation of the Jiangnan water relay, the Qing Dynasty constructed the water relay system in the south of the Yangtze River and provided the institutional guarantee for the operation of the Jiangnan water relay. During the period of Taiping Army, Jiangnan water relay suffered heavy damage, the scale of Jiangnan water relay decreased sharply, its function was seriously weakened, and it could not be restored for a long time after the war. Taiping Army in Jiangnan set up a communications organization-Shufu Ya, responsible for transmitting the Taiping Army military, political orders, replaced the Jiangnan water-relay. After the Taiping War, civil society took part in the reconstruction of Jiangnan water relay, and promoted the right of water relay to be transferred from the government to the people. In the process of rebuilding the Jiangnan water relay after the Taiping army, the Qing Dynasty adjusted the water relay system so that the Jiangnan water relay could continue to consolidate the Qing dynasty rule. In the field of information transmission and transportation, the western new traffic and communication means gradually replaced the traditional Jiangnan water relay. In particular, the introduction of new postal services, so that the water-post delivery of news-related function has been sharply weakened. The traditional Jiangnan water post failed to make timely adjustment in the late Qing Dynasty, and finally faded out of the historical stage in the tide of "returning the post to the post". Although "returning post" is an inevitable trend of the development of traditional postal post in our country, because of its interest relation and the protection of postal right, the game is extremely fierce between the central and local authorities, different departments and even between China and foreign countries in the process of implementation. The road of "returning post to mail" can be described as a difficult one. At the end of Qing Dynasty, it failed to complete the transition from traditional post to modern post.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：K249
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