本文選題：漢畫像石 + 種植業(yè)��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：陜北是我國畫像石出土較多的地區(qū)之一,其圖像直觀展現(xiàn)了東漢陜北地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,而農(nóng)牧業(yè)畫像石是陜北地區(qū)極具特色的一類。本文在對畫像石資料進(jìn)行真實(shí)性分析后認(rèn)為其能夠作為史料直觀且真實(shí)地反映陜北地區(qū)的農(nóng)牧業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。因此,筆者盡可能多地收集陜北地區(qū)出土的農(nóng)牧業(yè)畫像石,通過對比研究、綜合分析的方法尋找不同畫像石中同一類圖像之間的異同,再結(jié)合史料進(jìn)行研究,盡可能真實(shí)再現(xiàn)東漢陜北農(nóng)牧業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。 畫像石屬于考古文物,陜北畫像石資料的發(fā)掘時(shí)間較早,由于技術(shù)的落后、環(huán)境的限制,我們很難看到當(dāng)時(shí)出土?xí)r的原貌,特別是畫像石出土?xí)r有些有鮮艷的色彩,一經(jīng)空氣氧化便很快消失,因此筆者在涉獵大量考古報(bào)告的基礎(chǔ)上,通過實(shí)地考察,深入到綏德、米脂、神木、榆林等畫像石出土地、以及漢畫像石博物館仔細(xì)觀察原石并對當(dāng)時(shí)考古挖掘工作人員進(jìn)行調(diào)研,盡可能真實(shí)的還原畫像石的本來面目。 通過回顧學(xué)術(shù)史,對前人研究成果進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)界利用畫像石從歷史地理學(xué)角度對陜北東漢時(shí)期的農(nóng)業(yè)地理研究較少,這就為本文研究留有較為廣闊的余地,因此本文的序言部分就著力于與本文研究密切相關(guān)的學(xué)術(shù)史回顧,并介紹研究區(qū)域和研究內(nèi)容,為全文的研究提供研究方法和思路。 為了達(dá)到研究的目的,本文從種植、養(yǎng)殖、狩獵三個(gè)角度全面分析和論述了畫像石所反映的東漢時(shí)期陜北地區(qū)農(nóng)牧業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,其中探討了東漢陜北農(nóng)牧業(yè)發(fā)展與少數(shù)民族、漢民族的交融的相關(guān)性,以及通過狩獵畫像石分析陜北動物食物鏈所反映的生態(tài)環(huán)境變遷。 關(guān)于對東漢陜北地區(qū)種植業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r研究,本文通過解讀陜北出土的種植業(yè)畫像石,根據(jù)圖像分析其反映的農(nóng)業(yè)要素,了解東漢陜北常見的農(nóng)作物種類、耕作方式、農(nóng)具類型以及田間管理技術(shù),從而判斷東漢陜北主要的農(nóng)耕區(qū)域,總結(jié)其發(fā)展特點(diǎn)。得出無定河流域的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)較其他地區(qū)普遍,邊郡農(nóng)業(yè)較發(fā)達(dá)的結(jié)論。 對于陜北養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r的論述,由于陜北出土的關(guān)于養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的畫像石十分繁多,故本文在對養(yǎng)殖業(yè)畫像石進(jìn)行分類整理的基礎(chǔ)上,并結(jié)合相關(guān)史料得出陜北養(yǎng)殖業(yè)可分為大牧場放牧和家庭養(yǎng)殖兩種類型,通過分析不同牲畜的形象判斷其不同的用途。得出陜北養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展是在游牧民族內(nèi)遷大的社會背景下,受游牧民族影響出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)態(tài)勢,并且形成了無定河下游以農(nóng)業(yè)為主、畜牧業(yè)為輔；榆林、神木等長城沿線以畜牧業(yè)為主的經(jīng)濟(jì)格局。 在論述東漢陜北狩獵業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r時(shí)主要是分析畫像石中的狩獵場面。這是因?yàn)獒鳙C場面是陜北畫像石中極具普遍性且富有特點(diǎn)的圖像,通過解讀狩獵畫像石中的具體形象,整理得出東漢陜北盛行的三種狩獵方式,即獵手圍獵、獵鷹捕兔、獵犬輔助。通過將不同的狩獵畫像石以連環(huán)畫的形式相連復(fù)原了東漢陜北的狩獵場面。同時(shí)通過對山林、鳥獸畫像的分析得出東漢陜北的生態(tài)環(huán)境,對其所表現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會發(fā)展?fàn)顩r也作以小結(jié),得出狩獵畫像石的分布地域最廣,是陜北地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)及畜牧業(yè)的重要補(bǔ)充這一觀點(diǎn)。 最后,通過對不同類型畫像石的出土地進(jìn)行分析整理,得出全文最主要的觀點(diǎn)：東漢時(shí)期陜北以綏德、米脂地區(qū)為代表的無定河下游區(qū)域是主要的種植業(yè)區(qū)域,而以神木、榆林為代表的長城沿線則是畜牧業(yè)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)為主的畜牧區(qū)。這也正是本文的創(chuàng)新之處,從歷史地理學(xué)的角度對區(qū)域進(jìn)行微觀分區(qū),盡可能細(xì)小的展示該區(qū)域的農(nóng)牧業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,做到從細(xì)微之處著手,得出全面的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:Based on the analysis of the authenticity of image stone data , the author thinks that it can be used as historical material to reflect the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in northern Shaanxi .

It is very difficult to find out the original appearance at the time when the image stone belongs to the archaeological relics . Due to the backwardness of the technology and the limitation of the environment , it is difficult to see the original appearance at that time , especially when the image stone is unearthed .

By reviewing the academic history and summarizing the previous research results , it is found that the academic circle uses the image stone to study the agricultural geography of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Northern Shaanxi from the historical geography angle , which provides a great scope for the study of this paper . Therefore , the preface of this paper is focused on the review of the academic history closely related to this study , and introduces the research area and the research content , and provides the research methods and ideas for the study of the whole text .

In order to achieve the aim of the research , this paper comprehensively analyzes and discusses the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in North Shaanxi during the Eastern Han Dynasty , which is reflected by the image stone from three aspects : planting , breeding and hunting .

On the basis of the image analysis of the agricultural factors reflected in the image analysis , this paper tries to understand the main types of crops , the cultivation mode , the types of agricultural tools and the techniques of field management , so as to judge the main agricultural areas in the North Shaanxi Province and summarize the characteristics of their development , and conclude that the agricultural production in the Wuding River Basin is more common than in other areas , and the agriculture in the county is more developed .

On the basis of the classification and arrangement of the cultivation industry , the author concludes that the development of the North Shaanxi breeding industry is the economic situation which is influenced by the nomadic peoples under the social background of the migration of the nomadic peoples .
The main economic pattern of animal husbandry along the Great Wall such as Yulin and Shenmu .

In this paper , the hunting scene in North Shaanxi is mainly analyzed when discussing the development of the hunting industry in North Shaanxi Province . This is because the hunting scene is a very popular and characteristic image in the image of North Shaanxi .

Finally , through the analysis and arrangement of the land of different types of image stone , the main point of view is that the downstream area of Wuding River , which is represented by Sud and Miq , is the main planting area in the north of Shaanxi Province in the Eastern Han Dynasty . This is the innovation of this paper . It is also the innovation of this paper . It is also the innovation of this paper , which shows the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the region as small as possible .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F329;K234.2

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