發(fā)布時間：2018-06-07 13:07

  本文選題：明朝 + 帖木兒王朝��； 參考：《新疆大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：明朝與帖木兒王朝的朝貢貿(mào)易既是明朝與西域諸國密切往來的重要組成部分,也是明代中國通過“陸上絲綢之路”與中亞地區(qū)互通有無的重要途徑之一。本文以時間為線索,依托大量漢文和外文文獻,并結(jié)合當(dāng)前學(xué)術(shù)界對此問題的最新研究成果,力求全面、系統(tǒng)、客觀地勾勒出明朝與帖木兒王朝朝貢貿(mào)易的歷史進程和發(fā)展軌跡。1387年,帖木兒派遣回回滿剌哈非思向明朝首貢,明朝給予了豐厚的賞賜,這標(biāo)志著明、帖朝貢貿(mào)易關(guān)系正式建立。此后,明、帖朝貢貿(mào)易在洪武年間(1368-1398)密切發(fā)展。到1396年,帖木兒勢力壯大,野心滋生,遂羈留了明朝派出的傅安使團。從此,帖木兒對明朝的態(tài)度逐漸變得強硬起來,最后發(fā)展到兵戎相向的對抗態(tài)勢。1404年,帖木兒率兵東征,明朝方面也不甘示弱,積極整軍備戰(zhàn),加強邊備力量,導(dǎo)致明、帖關(guān)系陷入白熾化狀態(tài)。明成祖即位后,隨著傅安等人的歸國以及雙邊的努力,明、帖朝貢貿(mào)易得以恢復(fù),并在永樂年間(1403-1424)走向繁榮,經(jīng)洪熙(1425)、宣德(1426-1435)和正統(tǒng)(1436-1449)時期的平穩(wěn)發(fā)展,有效地促進了雙邊之間的友好交往。1447年,沙哈魯去世,其子嗣為爭權(quán)奪利導(dǎo)致王朝分崩離析,勢力大衰。隨后,1449年的“土木之變”也致使明朝元氣大傷,國力一落千丈。明、帖兩國幾乎同時走向衰落,導(dǎo)致兩國在對外交往中逐漸放棄了原本積極的態(tài)度,朝貢貿(mào)易也逐漸衰落。至1507年,烏茲別克人攻占河中地區(qū),帖木兒王朝最終滅亡,明、帖朝貢貿(mào)易也隨之?dāng)嘟^。明朝與帖木兒之間的朝貢貿(mào)易不僅極大地促進了明、帖兩國的政治、經(jīng)濟和文化交流,而且通過“陸上絲綢之路”將明代中國與中亞地區(qū)緊密地聯(lián)結(jié)在一起,創(chuàng)造了明代中國和中亞地區(qū)外交史上的輝煌篇章。時至今日,明、帖友好交往的歷史可以為當(dāng)今中國與中亞國家互利共贏、共謀發(fā)展以及共建“絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶”提供有益的歷史借鑒。
[Abstract]:The tributary trade between Ming Dynasty and Timur Dynasty is not only an important part of the close contact between Ming Dynasty and the Western States, but also one of the important ways for China to exchange necessities with Central Asia through the "Land Silk Road" in the Ming Dynasty. In this paper, time is the clue, relying on a large number of Chinese and foreign literature, and combined with the latest academic research on this issue, to strive for a comprehensive, systematic, Objectively sketching out the historical process and development track of the tributary trade between the Ming Dynasty and the Timur Dynasty. In 1387, Timur sent back to Manchurafiz to pay tribute to the Ming Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty gave a generous reward, which marked the Ming Dynasty. The official establishment of tributary trade relations. Since then, the Ming Dynasty, tributary trade in Hongwu years 1368-1398) close development. By 1396, Timur had grown in power and ambition, and detained the Fu'an mission sent by the Ming Dynasty. From then on, Timur's attitude toward the Ming Dynasty gradually became tough, and finally developed to the confrontation situation of soldiers and soldiers facing each other. In 1404, when Timur led the troops to the Eastern Expedition, the Ming Dynasty did not give in to weakness, and actively integrated the army to prepare for war, strengthening the border and preparing forces, which led to the Ming Dynasty. The post relationship falls into a state of incandescence. With the return of Fu'an and other people and bilateral efforts, the Ming and Tay tribute trade resumed, and in the Yongle period 1403-1424) became prosperous, and the period of Hongxi, 1425-, Xuande, 1426-1435) and orthodoxy 1436-1449) developed smoothly. In 1447, Shaharu died, and his son fought for power, which led to the disintegration of the dynasty and the great decline of power. Subsequently, the 1449 "civil engineering changes" also led to the Ming Dynasty, national strength plummeted. In Ming Dynasty, the two countries declined almost at the same time, which led to the gradual abandonment of the original positive attitude and the gradual decline of tributary trade. In 1507, the Uzbeks captured the middle of the river, and the Timur dynasty finally perished, and the tributary trade was cut off in the Ming Dynasty. The tributary trade between the Ming Dynasty and Timur not only greatly promoted the political, economic and cultural exchanges between the two countries, but also closely linked China and Central Asia through the "land Silk Road". Created a brilliant chapter in the diplomatic history of China and Central Asia in Ming Dynasty. To this day, the history of friendly exchanges between China and Central Asian countries can provide a useful historical reference for mutual benefit, common development and construction of "Silk Road Economic Belt" between China and Central Asian countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：K248

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 沈定平;;明代與中亞諸國的交往[A];明史研究第2輯——紀(jì)念謝國楨先生九十誕辰專輯[C];1992年

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本文編號：1991280