本文選題：西周 + 監(jiān)國制度��； 參考：《煙臺大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：監(jiān)國制度是西周時(shí)期周王朝統(tǒng)治地方的一項(xiàng)重要制度。它包括兩方面的內(nèi)容，即軍監(jiān)制度和監(jiān)官制度。軍監(jiān)制度起源于商代，是商王控制地方方國和防御外來入侵的重要措施。商代的“侯”“伯”許多都是軍監(jiān)。西周時(shí)期沿用了商代的軍監(jiān)制度，設(shè)置“三監(jiān)”、“應(yīng)監(jiān)”等諸監(jiān)，負(fù)責(zé)戍衛(wèi)西周疆土，并作為軍事?lián)c(diǎn)不斷開疆拓土，許多經(jīng)周王冊命后成為諸侯。監(jiān)官制度即《禮記·王制》中所說的命卿制度。“三監(jiān)之亂”后，周王朝意識到了軍監(jiān)制度的缺陷，因此實(shí)行命卿制度，，在諸侯國甚至是軍監(jiān)轄地內(nèi)派駐監(jiān)官，輔助并監(jiān)視諸侯國和軍監(jiān)，防止地方諸侯和軍監(jiān)反叛。這一制度，為鞏固西周王朝的統(tǒng)治起到了重要作用，但隨著周王朝自身實(shí)力的下降，軍監(jiān)和監(jiān)官也趨于虛設(shè)。部分監(jiān)官憑借其特殊的地位，把持諸侯國政治，甚至取而代之。 西周監(jiān)國制度的突破點(diǎn)在于“三監(jiān)”問題研究的新進(jìn)展和大量出土資料。因此本文首先對“三監(jiān)”問題的由來及研究情況作了簡要的總結(jié)，結(jié)合清華簡《系年》中有關(guān)“三監(jiān)”的記載引出對“三監(jiān)”問題傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)的懷疑，并結(jié)合《禮記》所說的命卿制度，初步判定監(jiān)國制度包含兩方面的內(nèi)容，即軍監(jiān)制度和監(jiān)官制度。 為探究西周軍監(jiān)制度的來源，本文對夏商政治格局做了簡要說明，并結(jié)合甲骨文資料對商代的軍監(jiān)案例進(jìn)行研究，得出軍監(jiān)起源于商代的結(jié)論。 對西周的監(jiān)國制度，從軍監(jiān)制度和監(jiān)官制度兩方面進(jìn)行研究。首先依據(jù)傳世文獻(xiàn)及金文資料對應(yīng)監(jiān)、管監(jiān)、鄂師等軍監(jiān)案例進(jìn)行研究，并對近年發(fā)現(xiàn)的山東高青陳莊西周遺址的軍監(jiān)性質(zhì)作了初步探索。而后，同樣利用二重證據(jù)法，對西周的監(jiān)官制度也作了初步的論述。
[Abstract]:The system of supervising the state is an important system that the Zhou Dynasty ruled during the Western Zhou Dynasty. It includes two aspects, that is, the military supervision system and the inspector system. The military supervision system originated in the Shang Dynasty and was an important measure to control the local state and prevent foreign invasion. Many of the Shang Dynasty's "Hou" and "Bo" were military supervisors. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the military supervision system of the Shang Dynasty was followed, such as "three prisons" and "should prison" were set up, which was in charge of garrison the territory of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The system of supervisor is the system of manning in the Book of Rites. After the "three Rebellion", the Zhou Dynasty realized the defects of the military supervision system, so it carried out the "Ming Qing" system, and stationed supervisors in various countries, even in the places under the jurisdiction of military supervision, to assist and monitor the princes and military supervisors, and to prevent local princes and military supervisors from rebelling. This system played an important role in consolidating the rule of the Western Zhou Dynasty, but with the decline of the Zhou Dynasty's own strength, the military supervisors and supervisors tended to be empty. By virtue of their special status, some inspectors held the politics of the vassals and even replaced them. The breakthrough point of the system of the Western Zhou Dynasty lies in the new progress in the study of "three prisons" and a large number of unearthed materials. Therefore, this paper first makes a brief summary of the origin and research of the "three superintendents", and combines the records of the "three superintendents" in the bamboo slips of Tsinghua University to raise doubts about the traditional views on the "three superintendents". Combined with the "Ming Qing" system mentioned in the Book of Rites, it is preliminarily determined that the system of supervising the state includes two aspects, namely, the system of military supervision and the system of supervising officials. In order to explore the origin of the military supervision system in the Western Zhou Dynasty, this paper briefly explains the political pattern of Xia and Shang dynasties, and studies the military supervision cases of the Shang Dynasty with the data of Oracle, and draws the conclusion that the military supervision originated in the Shang Dynasty. This paper studies the system of supervising the country in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the system of military supervision and the system of supervising officers. Firstly, according to the relevant documents and the materials of the Jin text, the cases of military supervision are studied, and the nature of the military supervision of the Western Zhou Dynasty site in Gaoqing Chenzhuang, Shandong Province, which has been discovered in recent years, is explored preliminarily. Then, the same double evidence law, the Western Zhou Dynasty also made a preliminary discussion of the system of officials.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：煙臺大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：K224

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本文編號：1875099