本文選題：豫州　切入點(diǎn)：東晉南朝　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在中國延續(xù)兩千余年的傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)中,中央與地方有著千絲萬縷的關(guān)系。豫州作為東晉南朝重要方鎮(zhèn)之一,因處于中間地帶,疆域隨著南北形勢(shì)的變化而變化,并在劉宋時(shí)達(dá)到極盛,之后逐步為北方所蠶食。六朝時(shí)期,豫州因處于南北交爭地帶,戰(zhàn)事頻發(fā),因此東晉南朝在其境內(nèi)設(shè)有多處軍事重鎮(zhèn)。其中以壽陽、馬頭、邾城、歷陽、合肥為要,而壽陽又居于中心位置。豫州與東晉門閥士族也存在密切聯(lián)系,其中尤以庾氏、謝氏、桓氏為代表。庾亮因在蘇峻之亂中處置失當(dāng),被迫出鎮(zhèn)豫州,以豫州刺史屯駐蕪湖,就近控制朝政,以與王導(dǎo)相持。庾亮死后,其弟庾翼、庾懌相繼任刺史,牢牢掌控豫州,但都在任不久而逝,庾氏勢(shì)力告一段落。直至東晉末年庾準(zhǔn)、庾楷利用士族之間的斗爭再次出鎮(zhèn)豫州,庾氏勢(shì)力短暫重振。穆帝永和二年,謝尚首次出任豫州刺史,其后兄弟相繼,長期掌控豫州,并在桓溫與朝廷的對(duì)抗過程中培養(yǎng)了自己的力量,取得舉足輕重的地位,使謝氏成長為當(dāng)時(shí)最有實(shí)力的幾個(gè)家族之一。桓氏自桓溫始就企圖將謝尚逐出豫州,以期更得心應(yīng)手的影響朝政。雖然在謝萬被廢黜后,桓氏勢(shì)力得以滲入豫州,但始終仍未能實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)豫州牢固控制。東晉南朝立國江南,國力較弱,長期處于守勢(shì)。長江雖稱天塹,但綿延數(shù)千里,其間可渡之處甚多。東晉南朝兵力有限,只能據(jù)守幾處樞要之地,不可能沿江處處設(shè)防。因而東晉南朝采用的防守戰(zhàn)略是將防線盡量北移,利用黃河、淮河等天然水道構(gòu)筑屏障阻擋北敵。即所謂守江先守淮戰(zhàn)略。如此,處于淮河流域的豫州對(duì)南北政權(quán)而言都十分重要,雙方多次在此展開攻防戰(zhàn),其中最具代表的就是淝水之戰(zhàn)。正是由于豫州所處的特殊位置,它也成為東晉南朝北伐的前沿基地,如庾氏、褚裒、殷浩、桓溫等的北伐。宗室出鎮(zhèn)自曹魏始,兩晉繼之,南朝仍大規(guī)模實(shí)行。東晉南朝特別是劉宋和蕭齊時(shí),有大量的宗室子弟出鎮(zhèn)豫州。其中一些人在諸如對(duì)北防御、地方建設(shè)等方面都發(fā)揮了積極的作用。南朝時(shí)期出鎮(zhèn)豫州的宗室子弟,年幼者約占七成,這與南朝多以年幼宗室子弟出鎮(zhèn)的特點(diǎn)亦是相吻合的。豫州在東晉南朝特定的歷史條件下有其特定的作用,對(duì)于維護(hù)政權(quán)穩(wěn)固以及中央與地方勢(shì)力的均衡都起了不可或缺的作用。
[Abstract]:In the traditional society of China for more than two thousand years, the central government and the local government have inextricably relations.As one of the important square towns in the Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties, the territory of Yuzhou changed with the change of the situation in the north and south, and reached its peak in the time of Liu and Song, and then gradually encroached on by the north.During the six dynasties, Yuzhou had many military towns in its territory because of the conflict between the north and the south and the frequent war.Among them, Shouyang, Matou, Gaocheng, Liyang, Hefei as the main, and Shouyang occupies the central position.Yuzhou also has close relations with the gentry of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, especially Yu, Xie and Huan.Yu Liang was mishandled in Su Jun's chaos, forced to leave the town of Yuzhou, and stationed in Wuhu with Yuzhou's thorn history.Yu Liang died, his younger brother Yu Yi, Yu Yi one after another, firmly in charge of Yuzhou, but soon after the death of Yu, Yu's influence has come to an end.Until the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Yu Quan, Yu-Kai used the struggle between the family again out of the town of Yuzhou, Yu's power was briefly revitalized.In the second year of Yonghe Mudi, Sheikhamp became the first man in the history of the thorns of Yuzhou. After that, his brothers took charge of Yuzhou for a long time, and cultivated their own strength in the process of confrontation between Huanwen and the court, and gained a pivotal position.Xie grew into one of the most powerful families of the time.Huan had been trying to drive Xie Shang out of Yuzhou since Huanwen, in order to influence the government more easily.Although after Xie Wan was deposed, Huan's forces infiltrated Yuzhou, but still failed to achieve firm control over Yuzhou.Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties founded the Jiangnan, weak national strength, long-standing on the defensive.Although the Yangtze River is called a natural cut, it stretches for thousands of miles, and there are many places to cross it.The Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties had limited forces and could only defend the river in a few important places.Therefore, the defense strategy adopted in the Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties was to move the defense lines northward as far as possible, and to build barriers by using natural waterways such as the Yellow River and the Huaihe River to block the northern enemy.That is to say, the strategy of guarding the river and the Huaihe River first.Therefore, Yuzhou, located in the Huaihe River basin, is very important to the regime of the North and the South, and both sides have launched offensive and defensive wars here many times, the most representative of which is the Battle of Feishui.It was precisely because of the special position of Yuzhou that it became the frontier base of the Northern Expedition in the Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties, such as the Northern Expedition of Yu, Chu, Yin Hao and Huanwen.The imperial clan came out of the town from the beginning of the Cao Wei Dynasty, followed by the two Jin dynasties, and the Southern Dynasty was still implemented on a large scale.Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties, especially Liu Song and Xiao Qi, there were a large number of clan children out of the town of Yuzhou.Some of them have played an active role in areas such as north defense and local construction.In the Southern Dynasty, about 70% of the children of Yuzhou were young, which coincided with the characteristics of the young children in the Southern Dynasty.Yuzhou played a special role in the specific historical conditions of the Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties and played an indispensable role in maintaining the stability of political power and the balance between central and local forces.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：K239.1

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