發(fā)布時(shí)間：2022-01-04 16:33

　　當(dāng)前，隨著全球各類災(zāi)害日益頻發(fā)，包括戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、災(zāi)害、恐怖、騷亂在內(nèi)的大量危機(jī)事件已構(gòu)成世界各國(guó)共同面臨的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。美國(guó)遭受的“9.11”恐怖主義襲擊、中國(guó)的SARS疫情、伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)危機(jī)、伊朗大地震使更多的人認(rèn)識(shí)到災(zāi)害管理已成為發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、穩(wěn)定社會(huì)、保障人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全的緊迫任務(wù)。本文以Saundra K. Schneider的差距理論（Gap theory）為發(fā)端，以美國(guó)9.11恐怖主義襲擊事件為分析樣本，截取危機(jī)管理中的反應(yīng)階段為觀察時(shí)段，探討了政府災(zāi)害防御體系中的彈性因素（resilience）和非政府力量對(duì)危機(jī)應(yīng)對(duì)效果的影響。 文章的主要結(jié)論是政府政策中的彈性和非政府力量的介入能夠有效減小差距（gap）、提高政府應(yīng)對(duì)效能, 兩者的合力（synergy）建構(gòu)出一個(gè)危機(jī)反應(yīng)模式。希望該文能為我國(guó)現(xiàn)代危機(jī)管理體系的構(gòu)建者提供一點(diǎn)啟發(fā)。 論文所用理論框架是Saundra K. Schneider的差距理論（Gap theory），該理論將政府官僚規(guī)范（bureaucratic norms）和民眾規(guī)范（public norms）加以區(qū)分，兩者在災(zāi)害爆發(fā)后的各自變化及產(chǎn)生的差距（gap）是理... 

【文章來(lái)源】：對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)北京市 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：72 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
Page
List of Tables and FiguresIII
Chapters
1 Introduction
    1.1 An overview of Past Studies and the Genesis of the Present Paper
    1.2 Significance
    1.3 Layout
    1.4 Key Definitions
2 Theoretical Framework: Saundra K. Schneider’s Gap Theory
    2.1 Two sets of norms in normal situations
    2.2 The Gap in disaster situations
        2.2.1 the Rise of emergent norms
        2.2.2 the Bureaucratic pathology in emergency managementSystem
        2.2.3 the Immediate consequence of the gap
3 An Ideal Emergency Response Model
    3.1 Governmental resilience in disaster response
    3.2 Non-governmental forces’ role in narrowing the gap
        3.2.1 the Mass media in crisis situation
        3.2.2 Non-governmental organizations
    3.3 An ideal emergency response model
4 Case Study
    4.1 The United States federal emergency management system
        4.1.1 Legislative history of governmental involvement in disaster
        4.1.2 Organizational history of American emergency managementSystem
        4.1.3 the Working mechanism of the federal emergency Management system
        4.1.4 Characteristics of the System
    4.2 the September 11 terrorist attacks
        4.2.1 A brief account of the attacks
        4.2.2 the Response of disaster victims
        4.2.3 Governmental response: Glittered with Resilience
        4.2.4 Non-governmental forces’ response
            4.2.4.1 the Mass media
            4.2.4.2 the Non-government organizations and volunteers
        4.2.5 the Gap and the effectiveness of government response
5 Conclusion and implications
    5.1 Implications
    5.2 Regrets and future research directions
Appendixes
    A. Chronology of U.S. Disaster Relief Legislation
    B. Organizational response to the September 11th Pentagon attack
    C. Evolution of Federal Disaster Management Functions
Bibliography



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