【摘要】：科學的國家化進程分為自上而下和自下而上兩種方式,以英國為代表的科學原發(fā)型國家采用的是自下而上的路徑,法國和德國以自上而下為主,大多數國家則是兩種方式相互補充,互相結合。相比于求知,致用是科學在國家層面完成制度化的關鍵動因,其中,戰(zhàn)爭和經濟是科學的國家化進程快速發(fā)展的兩個主要因素。根據世界各國的國家科學制度化的方式和特點可以將這些國家分為四種類型,其中兩類國家依賴自然資源和工業(yè)基礎成功實現趕超,而另外兩類則還在摸索和發(fā)展之中�？茖W制度化在世界各國的完成均是將核心國家的科學體制、科學理念和文化在邊緣國家進行本土化移植,科學制度化進程在不同國家呈現的狀態(tài)相似度更高、包容性更強。由此,科學本身的概念也因國家層面制度化進程的推進從認知維度拓展到了社會維度。
[Abstract]:The process of nationalization of science is divided into top-down and bottom-up ways. The original scientific countries represented by the United Kingdom adopt the bottom-up path, France and Germany are mainly top-down, and most countries complement and combine with each other in two ways. Compared with the search for knowledge, application is the key reason for the institutionalization of science at the national level, in which war and economy are the two main factors for the rapid development of the process of nationalization of science. According to the ways and characteristics of national science institutionalization in the world, these countries can be divided into four types, two of which rely on natural resources and industrial foundation to catch up successfully, while the other two are still being explored and developed. The completion of scientific institutionalization in all countries in the world is to localize the scientific system, scientific ideas and culture of the core countries in the marginal countries. The state similarity and inclusiveness of the scientific institutionalization process in different countries are higher. As a result, the concept of science itself has been extended from the cognitive dimension to the social dimension because of the promotion of the institutionalization process at the national level.
【作者單位】： 北京化工大學文法學院;
【分類號】：D03

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