【摘要】：近年來(lái),拉美一些國(guó)家出現(xiàn)了社會(huì)主義熱,引起全世界的高度關(guān)注。政治家和學(xué)者對(duì)其評(píng)價(jià)不一,有贊揚(yáng),有懷疑。作者就是在這個(gè)背景下對(duì)拉美“社會(huì)主義”的理論與實(shí)踐作了一定的分析。 論文分三部分,第一部分作者就拉丁美洲出現(xiàn)“社會(huì)主義熱”的原因展開(kāi)分析,并指出了其主要原因:兩極分化依舊存在;拉美民眾踐行民主權(quán)利不通暢;現(xiàn)行的某些政策使拉美的發(fā)展付出了巨大的代價(jià)�！吧鐣�(huì)主義熱”的背后是拉美人民嘗試走“社會(huì)主義”道路來(lái)改變這個(gè)社會(huì)的不公平現(xiàn)狀,追求社會(huì)公平正義是拉美進(jìn)行“社會(huì)主義”建設(shè)的動(dòng)力源泉。 第二部分重點(diǎn)介紹了委內(nèi)瑞拉與玻利維亞兩個(gè)國(guó)家“社會(huì)主義”理論與實(shí)踐,第一,經(jīng)濟(jì)上推行經(jīng)濟(jì)變革,實(shí)行國(guó)有化政策,推行“人民經(jīng)濟(jì)”,使國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)得以發(fā)展;第二,政治上建立參與式民主政治形式,發(fā)展“人民權(quán)力和民主”,使國(guó)家的民主化程度得以深化;第三,改善社會(huì)福利,建立社會(huì)保障制度,注意保護(hù)人民的利益,使居民的收入得以增加,為進(jìn)一步全面推進(jìn)“社會(huì)主義”建設(shè)提供強(qiáng)有力經(jīng)濟(jì)保障、政治基礎(chǔ)和社會(huì)根基。 論文最后提出了作者對(duì)拉美“社會(huì)主義”的幾點(diǎn)新的認(rèn)識(shí):第一,西方新自由主義模式的失敗,對(duì)美國(guó)控制與剝削拉美的反應(yīng),中國(guó)及其他社會(huì)主義國(guó)家成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)的吸引,是拉美能夠出現(xiàn)“社會(huì)主義”的原因。第二,拉美“社會(huì)主義”不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的社會(huì)主義,拉美“社會(huì)主義”注重的是社會(huì)實(shí)踐,拉美“社會(huì)主義”具有多元性的特征。第三,拉美“社會(huì)主義”的前途充滿(mǎn)了不確定性,但拉美“社會(huì)主義”是一種可貴的探索與嘗試。
[Abstract]:In recent years, some countries in Latin America have appeared socialist fever, which has aroused great concern all over the world. Politicians and scholars have mixed opinions, praise and doubt. It is in this context that the author makes a certain analysis of the theory and practice of socialism in Latin America. The thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, the author analyzes the reasons for the emergence of "socialist fever" in Latin America, and points out the main reasons: polarization still exists, Latin American people's practice of democratic rights is not smooth; Some of the current policies have cost Latin America a great deal of money. Behind the "socialist fever" is that the Latin American people try to take the "socialist" road to change the unfair status quo of this society, and the pursuit of social fairness and justice is the power source of the "socialist" construction in Latin America. The second part focuses on the theory and practice of "socialism" in Venezuela and Bolivia. first, economic reform, nationalization policy and "people's economy" are carried out economically, so that the national economy can be developed. Second, the political establishment of a participatory democratic political form, the development of "people's power and democracy", so that the degree of democratization of the country can be deepened; Third, we should improve social welfare, establish a social security system, pay attention to protecting the interests of the people, increase the income of residents, and provide a strong economic security, political foundation, and social foundation for further promoting the construction of "socialism" in an all-round way. Finally, the paper puts forward some new understandings of "socialism" in Latin America: first, the failure of the western neoliberal model, the reaction to the control and exploitation of Latin America by the United States, and the attraction of the successful experience of China and other socialist countries. It is the reason for the emergence of socialism in Latin America. Second, Latin America's "socialism" is not socialism in the traditional sense, Latin America's "socialism" pays attention to social practice, and Latin America's "socialism" has the characteristics of pluralism. Third, the future of socialism in Latin America is full of uncertainty, but socialism in Latin America is a valuable exploration and attempt.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：燕山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D033.4

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