發(fā)布時間：2019-01-06 13:01

【摘要】：中世紀(jì)盛期，無論是對西方的基督教來說,還是對東方的儒家經(jīng)學(xué)來說,都是一個必須要跨越的十字路口。托馬斯·阿奎那與朱熹就站在這個十字路口的中央，成為東西方主導(dǎo)思想的集大成者。他們的政治思想源自于對學(xué)術(shù)傳統(tǒng)的繼承，對現(xiàn)實(shí)社會政治生活的反思和對優(yōu)良政治的向往。但由于社會歷史條件和文化傳統(tǒng)的不同，，使得他們的思想表現(xiàn)出不同的價值取向和思維方式。 阿奎那和朱熹首先都是通過對普遍規(guī)則的闡述來確立他們各自的政治理論基礎(chǔ)，為他們提出的一系列政治主張?zhí)峁┝俗罡镜暮诵膬r值觀。在權(quán)利歸屬問題上，阿奎那雖然承認(rèn)君主對俗世國家事務(wù)的控制權(quán)，但他仍然堅(jiān)持基督教教會有著上帝賦予的管理人間事務(wù)的權(quán)利。朱熹則是“君尊臣卑”的推崇者，但他也提出限制君權(quán)的觀點(diǎn)。阿奎那視法為理性的產(chǎn)物，并將之與神學(xué)信仰相結(jié)合，提出了一系列的法律分類。朱熹則秉承儒家重道德規(guī)范，輕“智術(shù)”的傳統(tǒng)，將倫理道德與法令政刑混為一談，未能將法脫離出道德范疇。 阿奎那與朱熹都是視天下為己任的學(xué)者，試圖將所學(xué)理論與實(shí)際相結(jié)合提出各自對理想政治的看法。因?yàn)榘⒖堑恼嗡枷胨囊恍┯欣谖鞣矫裰髡嗡枷氚l(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)，形成與朱熹的政治思想的明顯差別。但是由于各自政治思想的歷史局限性，都不可能完全成為指導(dǎo)東西方近代民主發(fā)展的基本理論。
[Abstract]:The height of the Middle Ages, whether for Western Christianity or Eastern Confucianism, was a crossroads that had to be crossed. Thomas Aquinas and Zhu Xi stood in the center of this crossroads and became the dominant minds of East and West. Their political thought originates from inheriting the academic tradition, reflecting on the political life of the real society and yearning for the fine politics. However, because of the different social and historical conditions and cultural traditions, their thoughts show different value orientation and mode of thinking. Aquinas and Zhu Xi first established their respective political theoretical bases through the elaboration of the universal rules, which provided the most fundamental core values for a series of political propositions put forward by them. On the issue of ownership, Aquinas admitted that the monarch had control over the affairs of the earthly state, but he still insisted that the Christian Church had the right given by God to administer human affairs. Zhu Xi is the advocate of "respect for the emperor and lower officials", but he also put forward the view of limiting the monarchy. Aquinas regards law as the product of reason and combines it with theological beliefs and puts forward a series of legal classifications. Zhu Xi adheres to the tradition of Confucianism emphasizing moral norms and neglecting "wisdom and skill", and confuses ethics and law with law and punishment, and fails to separate law from the scope of morality. Aquinas and Zhu Xi are scholars who regard the world as their duty and try to combine their theories with practice to put forward their own views on ideal politics. Because the political thought of Aquinas contains some views favorable to the development of western democratic political thought, it forms the obvious difference with Zhu Xi's political thought. However, due to the historical limitations of their respective political thoughts, it is impossible to become a basic theory to guide the development of modern democracy in East and West.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D09;B503.21;B244.7

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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