【摘要】：本文通過(guò)全面解讀盧森堡、伯恩施坦生前的著作、文稿和書(shū)信等歷史文獻(xiàn),著重評(píng)價(jià)和探討了以下幾個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題：第一,盧森堡對(duì)伯恩施坦“最終目的”和“運(yùn)動(dòng)”觀的認(rèn)識(shí)與批評(píng)。剖析了伯恩施坦關(guān)于“最終目的與運(yùn)動(dòng)”的理解與社會(huì)民主黨“通常”理解的差異,他的“和平長(zhǎng)入社會(huì)主義”的改良理論以及“社會(huì)主義是空想”的思想,并通過(guò)盧森堡對(duì)其觀點(diǎn)批判的研究,揭示出伯恩施坦錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)的實(shí)質(zhì)。第二,盧森堡對(duì)伯恩施坦關(guān)于資本主義民主、議會(huì)及政黨等思想的認(rèn)識(shí)與批評(píng)。盧森堡認(rèn)為,社會(huì)主義與民主是緊密聯(lián)系的,民主是社會(huì)主義的本質(zhì)。盧森堡不但批評(píng)了伯恩施坦單純強(qiáng)調(diào)民主的形式,而忽視民主內(nèi)容的片面觀點(diǎn),而且還批判了伯恩施坦“社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的命運(yùn)取決于資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主制”的錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn),論述了民主與社會(huì)主義的辯證關(guān)系；盧森堡批評(píng)了伯恩施坦“議會(huì)迷”的行為和思想,尤其批評(píng)了議會(huì)迷們瘋狂地追逐議席的行為,認(rèn)為在應(yīng)該奪取政權(quán)的時(shí)候卻消極地等待議會(huì)多數(shù)是徹底的機(jī)會(huì)主義。此外,盧森堡還揭露了議會(huì)選舉和德國(guó)普選的虛偽性、狹隘性以及伯恩施坦妄圖把黨建成改良黨、全民黨的錯(cuò)誤思想。第三,盧森堡對(duì)伯恩施坦關(guān)于資本主義及其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的認(rèn)識(shí)與批評(píng)。盧森堡尖銳地指出,伯恩施坦對(duì)馬克思勞動(dòng)價(jià)值論的否定,不僅是他唯心主義哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果,而且也是他詆毀科學(xué)社會(huì)主義的思想前提。她從具體事實(shí)和方法論角度剖析和駁斥了伯恩施坦“資本主義適應(yīng)”的論據(jù),指出這些所謂的“適應(yīng)手段”并不是消除資本主義矛盾的手段。在她看來(lái),資本主義適應(yīng)論有一些未被考察的理論前提,忽略這些前提就不可能是正確的。盧森堡還指出,伯恩施坦的理論中隱藏著對(duì)馬克思主義關(guān)于資本主義必然“崩潰”理論的否定因素,存在著否定社會(huì)主義的“客觀必然性”的思想錯(cuò)誤。 盧森堡對(duì)伯恩施坦觀點(diǎn)的認(rèn)識(shí)與批評(píng),既是本文在理論研究上的重點(diǎn),也是作者理論創(chuàng)新的嘗試。 總之,本文采用辯證唯物主義、歷史唯物主義的觀點(diǎn)和方法評(píng)價(jià)了盧森堡對(duì)伯恩施坦主義的認(rèn)識(shí)與批評(píng)的理論意義與實(shí)踐價(jià)值。通過(guò)分析,科學(xué)、正確地闡明了應(yīng)該如何對(duì)待馬克思主義的重要命題,維護(hù)了馬克思主義基本原則和革命精神,捍衛(wèi)了馬克思主義理論的純潔性,有利于馬克思主義的創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Through a comprehensive interpretation of historical documents, such as the works, manuscripts and letters of Luxembourg and Burnstein, this paper focuses on the following aspects: first, Luxembourg's understanding and criticism of Bernstein's "ultimate aim" and "movement". This paper analyzes the difference between Bernstein's understanding of "ultimate purpose and movement" and the "usual" understanding of the Social Democratic Party, his improved theory of "peace into socialism" and the idea that "socialism is a dream". And through Luxembourg's criticism of his point of view, reveals the essence of Bernstein's wrong view. Second, Luxembourg views and criticizes Bernstein's thoughts on capitalist democracy, parliament and political parties. Luxembourg believes that socialism and democracy are closely linked, democracy is the essence of socialism. Luxembourg criticized not only Bernstein's one-sided view of simply emphasizing the form of democracy and neglecting its content, but also his erroneous view that "the fate of the socialist movement depends on bourgeois democracy". The dialectical relationship between democracy and socialism is discussed. Luxembourg criticized Burnstein's "parliamentary fans" for their actions and ideas, and in particular for their frantic pursuit of seats, arguing that it was complete opportunism to wait passively for parliamentary majorities when power should be seized. In addition, Luxembourg also exposed the falsehood and parochialism of the parliamentary elections and the German general election, as well as the erroneous ideas of Bernstein trying to turn the party into a reformist party and a national party. Thirdly, Luxembourg criticizes Bernstein about capitalism and its development trend. Luxembourg pointed out acutely that Bernstein's negation of Marx's theory of labor value was not only the inevitable result of the development of his philosophical foundation of idealism, but also the ideological premise of his denigration of scientific socialism. She analyzes and refutes Bernstein's argument of "capitalist adaptation" from the angle of concrete facts and methodology, and points out that these so-called "adaptation means" are not the means to eliminate capitalist contradictions. In her view, capitalist adaptation has some unexamined theoretical premises that it is impossible to ignore. Luxembourg also points out that Bernstein's theory hides the negative factors of Marxism's theory of the inevitable "collapse" of capitalism, and that there is an ideological error in denying the "objective inevitability" of socialism. Luxembourg's understanding and criticism of Bernstein's viewpoint is not only the focus of the theoretical research, but also the attempt of the author's theoretical innovation. In a word, this paper evaluates the theoretical significance and practical value of Luxembourg's understanding and criticism of Bernstein's doctrine by means of dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Through analysis, science, and correct explanation of how to treat the important proposition of Marxism, it has safeguarded the basic principles and revolutionary spirit of Marxism, and defended the purity of Marxist theory. It is conducive to the innovation and development of Marxism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D091

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 范冉冉;羅莎#盧森堡總體性視域下的社會(huì)主義思想研究[D];南開(kāi)大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 黃娟;伯恩施坦的核心思想研究[D];西安外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué);2012年

，

本文編號(hào)：2389945