【摘要】：“兩個(gè)必然”是馬克思和恩格斯在《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》中提出的著名論斷。十一年后,馬克思在《政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)批判序言》中又提出了“兩個(gè)決不會(huì)”的論斷,由此進(jìn)一步豐富、完善和發(fā)展了“兩個(gè)必然”的論斷,這“兩個(gè)論斷”構(gòu)成了科學(xué)社會(huì)主義的核心內(nèi)容。一百多年過去了,無論是資本主義還是社會(huì)主義都發(fā)生了很大的變化,但這些變化并沒有最終否定“兩個(gè)論斷”的正確性,恰恰相反,隨著時(shí)代的變遷,從理論和實(shí)踐上進(jìn)一步證明了“兩個(gè)論斷”的有效性。本文從馬克思和恩格斯的經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)出發(fā),較為系統(tǒng)地梳理了“兩個(gè)論斷”各自提出的歷史背景、理論依據(jù)和現(xiàn)實(shí)條件,并對(duì)“兩個(gè)論斷”之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了分析和解讀,在此基礎(chǔ)上揭示了“兩個(gè)論斷”所蘊(yùn)含的當(dāng)代啟示。 全文共分為四個(gè)部分： 第一部分以《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》一文的寫作為中心,介紹了“兩個(gè)必然"提出的背景；從異化勞動(dòng)與人的全面發(fā)展、社會(huì)分工與私有制的滅亡兩個(gè)角度論述了“兩個(gè)必然"提出的理論前提；從無產(chǎn)階級(jí)的產(chǎn)生與解放、共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與革命的實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)方面論述了“兩個(gè)必然”形成的現(xiàn)實(shí)條件； 第二部分以《政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)批判序言》一文的寫作為中心,具體介紹了“兩個(gè)決不會(huì)”提出的歷史背景、形成的理論與實(shí)踐依據(jù)(1848年大革命失敗的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的深入研究)及包含的基本思想(資本主義決不會(huì)輕易滅亡、社會(huì)主義決不會(huì)輕易勝利)。 第三部分梳理了兩者的關(guān)系(修正論、取代論、包含論),論證了兩者迄今仍然有效,并從歷時(shí)態(tài)與共時(shí)態(tài)兩個(gè)維度進(jìn)一步論證了兩者辯證統(tǒng)一的關(guān)系。 第四部分,闡述了“兩個(gè)必然”與“兩個(gè)決不會(huì)"對(duì)當(dāng)代資本主義、社會(huì)主義、尤其是中國特色社會(huì)主義的重要啟示。
[Abstract]:"two inevitability" is a famous conclusion put forward by Marx and Engels in the Manifesto of the Communist Party. Eleven years later, in the Preface to the critique of political economy, Marx put forward the conclusion of "two never", which further enriched, perfected and developed the conclusion of "two necessity". This "two judgments" constitutes the core content of scientific socialism. More than a hundred years have passed, both capitalism and socialism have undergone great changes, but these changes have not ultimately denied the correctness of the "two judgments." on the contrary, as the times have changed, It proves the validity of "two judgments" in theory and practice. Starting from the classical documents of Marx and Engels, this paper systematically combs the historical background, theoretical basis and practical conditions of "two judgments", and analyzes and interprets the relationship between "two judgments". On this basis, it reveals the contemporary enlightenment contained in "two judgments". The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the background of "two inevitability" with the writing of "Communist Manifesto" as the center; This paper discusses the theoretical premise of "two necessity" from the perspectives of alienated labor and the all-round development of human beings, social division of labor and the destruction of private ownership. This paper discusses the realistic conditions of the formation of "two inevitable" from the emergence and liberation of the proletariat, the leadership of the Communist Party and the realization of the revolution. The second part focuses on the writing of the Preface to critique of political economy, introduces the historical background of "two never" and the theoretical and practical basis (the experience and lessons of the failure of the Great Revolution in 1848). An in-depth study of the political economy and its underlying ideas (capitalism is never easy to perish, socialism is never easy to win). The third part combs the relationship between the two (revision theory, substitution theory, inclusion theory), proves that the two are still valid up to now, and further demonstrates the dialectical unity of the two from the two dimensions of chronological and syntensic. The fourth part expounds the important enlightenment of "two necessity" and "two never" to contemporary capitalism, socialism, especially socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D091

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