【摘要】：自由和平等作為人類價(jià)值古已有之,只是在近代資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命以后,才成為現(xiàn)代人共同持有的主流價(jià)值觀念。自由和平等既是資本主義核心價(jià)值的內(nèi)容,也是社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值的內(nèi)容,但資本主義和社會(huì)主義對(duì)自由與平等的追求其側(cè)重點(diǎn)是不相同的,其差異在于資本主義更強(qiáng)調(diào)自由,社會(huì)主義更強(qiáng)調(diào)平等,平等是社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值體系的真正“硬核”~([1])。第一,本論文首先從政治哲學(xué)的角度,探究近現(xiàn)代自由與平等概念的緣起及含義,梳理自由與平等的價(jià)值關(guān)系及與之相關(guān)的討論。旨在對(duì)自由與平等有一定認(rèn)識(shí)基礎(chǔ)上,再去開展自由與平等之于社會(huì)主義與資本主義核心價(jià)值重心差異的研究。第二,重心差異研究是論文的主題。在重心差異研究中,本論文從資本主義的理論和實(shí)踐角度,論證資本主義在自由與平等價(jià)值面前,始終把自由放在優(yōu)先位置,把自由視為資本主義的價(jià)值“硬核”。社會(huì)主義是在對(duì)資本主義的否定性批判中發(fā)展起來的,然而,社會(huì)主義對(duì)自由與平等的追求,其特點(diǎn)是社會(huì)主義更強(qiáng)調(diào)平等,平等是社會(huì)主義的價(jià)值“硬核”。第三,從生態(tài)文明的高度來重構(gòu)人類價(jià)值。這是論文的升華部分。在這里生態(tài)文明的含義是廣義的,它指的不是與物質(zhì)文明、政治文明、精神文明等相并列、僅指在解決人與自然矛盾沖突的狹義生態(tài)文明,而是指繼工業(yè)文明之后的文明~([2])。如果說傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)文明與資本主義具有本質(zhì)關(guān)聯(lián),那么我們正在追求的生態(tài)文明就與共產(chǎn)主義具有本質(zhì)關(guān)聯(lián)。文章認(rèn)為資本主義是無法化解當(dāng)今人類面臨的生態(tài)危機(jī)的,化解危機(jī)的唯一出路是將社會(huì)主義平等觀念與生態(tài)文明和諧理念結(jié)合起來,邁步走向社會(huì)主義生態(tài)文明新時(shí)代,實(shí)現(xiàn)人與自然、人與社會(huì)、人與他人和人與自我關(guān)系的全面和諧。以往社會(huì)主義注重的平等強(qiáng)調(diào)的只是社會(huì)公正問題,生態(tài)文明和諧理念拓展了平等的內(nèi)涵,不僅要求社會(huì)公正,而且要求生態(tài)正義;不僅要求公平正義,而且要求自由民主,這就要求我們?cè)谏鐣?huì)主義生態(tài)文明視域下重構(gòu)人類價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Freedom and equality as human values existed in ancient times, only after the modern bourgeois revolution, they became the mainstream values shared by modern people. Freedom and equality are not only the contents of the core values of capitalism, but also the core values of socialism. However, the emphasis of the pursuit of freedom and equality is different between capitalism and socialism. The difference lies in the fact that capitalism emphasizes freedom more. Socialism emphasizes equality, equality is the real "hard core" of the socialist core value system. Firstly, from the perspective of political philosophy, this paper explores the origin and meaning of the concept of freedom and equality in modern times, and combs the value relationship between freedom and equality and its related discussions. On the basis of a certain understanding of freedom and equality, this paper studies the difference between freedom and equality in the core values of socialism and capitalism. Second, the research of center of gravity difference is the theme of the paper. In the research of the center of gravity difference, this paper demonstrates that capitalism always gives priority to freedom in the face of the value of freedom and equality, and regards freedom as the "hard core" of capitalism value from the angle of theory and practice of capitalism. Socialism is developed in the negative criticism of capitalism. However, the pursuit of freedom and equality in socialism is characterized by the fact that socialism emphasizes more equality and equality is the "hard core" of socialism. Third, reconstruction of human value from the height of ecological civilization. This is the sublimation part of the thesis. The meaning of ecological civilization here is broad. It does not mean parallel with material civilization, political civilization, spiritual civilization, etc., it only refers to narrow ecological civilization that solves conflicts between man and nature. It refers to civilization after industrial civilization. If traditional industrial civilization is intrinsically related to capitalism, then the ecological civilization we are pursuing is intrinsically related to communism. The paper holds that capitalism is unable to resolve the ecological crisis facing mankind today, and the only way to resolve the crisis is to combine the concept of socialist equality with the concept of harmony of ecological civilization, and to move towards a new era of socialist ecological civilization. Realize the overall harmony between man and nature, man and society, man and others and man and self. The equality that socialism paid attention to in the past emphasizes only the question of social justice. The concept of harmony of ecological civilization expands the connotation of equality, not only requires social justice, but also requires ecological justice. It requires not only fairness and justice, but also freedom and democracy, which requires us to reconstruct human values from the perspective of socialist ecological civilization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D081

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