【摘要】：伯恩施坦對(duì)社會(huì)主義的探討主要集中在社會(huì)主義基本內(nèi)涵和實(shí)現(xiàn)道路問(wèn)題上，他的社會(huì)主義理論的哲學(xué)前提是新康德主義中的主觀唯心主義，在方法論上主張用折中主義取代唯物辯證法。伯恩施坦反對(duì)第二國(guó)際時(shí)期人們對(duì)歷史發(fā)展客觀必然性的教條化堅(jiān)持，強(qiáng)調(diào)歷史發(fā)展中“非物質(zhì)因素”作用。從表面上看強(qiáng)調(diào)歷史發(fā)展的主體作用非常必要，實(shí)質(zhì)上伯恩施坦想用新康德主義的“倫理社會(huì)主義”來(lái)補(bǔ)充科學(xué)社會(huì)主義，，抬高社會(huì)發(fā)展過(guò)程中非物質(zhì)因素的作用，從而否認(rèn)歷史發(fā)展的必然性，用二元論取代歷史唯物主義一元論。 伯恩施坦用片面、零散的經(jīng)濟(jì)材料、數(shù)據(jù)為依據(jù)，否認(rèn)資本積累的一般趨勢(shì)，把剩余價(jià)值學(xué)說(shuō)當(dāng)?shù)赖掠谜Z(yǔ)，根本否定了資本主義社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)客觀規(guī)律性。他在社會(huì)主義實(shí)現(xiàn)道路問(wèn)題上提出用民主的手段“和平長(zhǎng)入”社會(huì)主義。他片面強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)點(diǎn)滴權(quán)益的爭(zhēng)取，把無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)眼前利益和根本利益割裂，把社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的過(guò)程和結(jié)果割裂，把專政和民主對(duì)立，暴露了嚴(yán)重實(shí)證主義、機(jī)會(huì)主義傾向，他在理論上失誤的根源就是否定辯證法，否定唯物主義。 伯恩施坦社會(huì)主義理論的哲學(xué)立場(chǎng)與科學(xué)社會(huì)主義的哲學(xué)依據(jù)是對(duì)立的。本文希望用馬克思主義哲學(xué)的基本立場(chǎng)、基本觀點(diǎn)、基本方法分析他的謬誤，揭露他理論產(chǎn)生的根源，從而更好的堅(jiān)持馬克主義哲學(xué)，更好的堅(jiān)持科學(xué)社會(huì)主義。
[Abstract]:Bernstein's discussion of socialism mainly focuses on the basic connotation of socialism and the road of realization. The philosophical premise of his socialist theory is the subjective idealism in Neo-Kantianism. In methodology, we advocate the replacement of materialist dialectics with eclecticism. Bernstein opposed the dogmatism of the objective inevitability of historical development in the second International period and emphasized the role of "immaterial factors" in the historical development. On the surface, it is very necessary to emphasize the main role of historical development. In essence, Burnstein wants to supplement scientific socialism with the "ethical socialism" of Neo-Kantianism and elevate the role of non-material factors in the process of social development. Thus denying the inevitability of historical development and replacing historical materialism monism with dualism. Based on one-sided, scattered economic materials and data, Bernstein denies the general trend of capital accumulation and regards the theory of surplus value as a moral term, which totally negates the objective regularity of capitalist social movement. On the road to socialist realization, he put forward the idea of "peaceful growth" of socialism by democratic means. His one-sided emphasis on fighting for the rights and interests of the proletariat, separating the immediate and fundamental interests of the proletariat, separating the process and results of the socialist movement, and antagonizing dictatorship with democracy exposed a serious tendency towards positivism and opportunism. The root of his theoretical error is to deny dialectics and materialism. The philosophical stand of Bernstein's socialist theory is opposite to the philosophical basis of scientific socialism. This article hopes to use the Marxist philosophy's basic stand, the basic viewpoint, the basic method to analyze his fallacy, to expose the origin of his theory, so as to better adhere to the Marxist philosophy, better adhere to scientific socialism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D091.6

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