羅爾斯妒忌觀研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-12 09:35
【摘要】：正義是人類永恒追求的價(jià)值，也是社會制度的首要美德。建構(gòu)任何一種正義理論，都無法忽視妒忌問題，羅爾斯的正義理論也不例外。1971年羅爾斯的經(jīng)典之作——《正義論》出版，標(biāo)志著政治哲學(xué)和平等主義的復(fù)興。他在西方契約傳統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)上抽象出自己的正義理論。羅爾斯假定，原初狀態(tài)中相互冷漠的各方在無知之幕之后，擇出正義二原則：平等自由原則和差別原則。差別原則引起的妒忌可能影響羅爾斯式的良序社會和理論構(gòu)建。羅爾斯將妒忌作為例證討論某些特殊社會心理對正義原則擇出的影響，他的定義是康德式的，妒忌是懷有敵意看待他人的較大的善，即使他們比我們幸運(yùn)，也沒有減損我們的善的傾向。由于妒忌的破壞性，羅爾斯將妒忌排除在外。羅爾斯的這種論證方法，在規(guī)范與事實(shí)間存在理論脫節(jié)，不具有歷史現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。人們在選擇正義原則時(shí)，妒忌不可能被排除。羅爾斯的正義社會也是烏托邦，原初狀態(tài)中不考慮妒忌，導(dǎo)致正義二原則本身的矛盾，私有制條件下他們的矛盾是不可調(diào)和的，羅爾斯不可能聯(lián)想到對私有制和社會基本制度的改造取消，也未涉及妒忌社會向非妒忌社會轉(zhuǎn)型。羅爾斯的妒忌觀也存在應(yīng)然與實(shí)然之間的矛盾。在應(yīng)然意義方面，原初狀態(tài)里不存在妒忌，不會影響正義原則擇出和正義理論構(gòu)建；在實(shí)然意義方面，從古至今，妒忌無處不在。如果徹底地將妒忌排除，須消滅私有制，羅爾斯的理想應(yīng)該向馬克思的理想邁進(jìn)。我們當(dāng)然不能以歷史的維度真實(shí)再現(xiàn)羅爾斯的正義理論，但他指出我們應(yīng)該排除人性之惡——妒忌，去追尋社會理想，以及傾聽他用新契約主義包裝的一些道德忠告和政治建議。當(dāng)前我國正在全面建設(shè)小康社會與和諧社會，和諧社會是一個(gè)命運(yùn)共同體，共建共享互助是公平正義的原則。從現(xiàn)實(shí)的維度正視妒忌，才是科學(xué)的消妒之道。借鑒羅爾斯的妒忌觀，為我所用，可以豐富和發(fā)展馬克思主義理論的研究域，加強(qiáng)對弱勢群體的人文關(guān)懷和心理疏導(dǎo)，，在全社會培育自尊自信、理性平和、積極向上的心態(tài)。 論文分為六部分： 第一部分：導(dǎo)論。介紹本選題的理論意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值、國內(nèi)外研究動(dòng)向和本選題的研究內(nèi)容與方法。第二部分：采用歷時(shí)性和共時(shí)性的研究方法，探究西方妒忌的緣起、勃興和流變，指出羅爾斯妒忌觀的理論淵源。從時(shí)代、文化及個(gè)人背景三個(gè)維度分析羅爾斯妒忌觀的提出背景。第三部分：羅爾斯妒忌觀的基本思想。主要闡釋羅爾斯妒忌觀的涵義以及和康德妒忌觀的關(guān)系，辨別妒忌與自尊，妒忌與平等的關(guān)系。第四部分：羅爾斯妒忌觀與正義論的關(guān)系。主要論述羅爾斯的妒忌觀與原初狀態(tài)以及正義二原則的關(guān)系。第五部分：羅爾斯妒忌觀的理論意義和實(shí)踐意義。說明羅爾斯的正義理論和妒忌觀對構(gòu)建和諧社會、思想政治教育有重要參考價(jià)值。第六部分：結(jié)論與展望。詳細(xì)分析了羅爾斯妒忌觀的優(yōu)勢和存在的問題。批評羅爾斯消除妒忌的方法是不徹底的，只能緩和妒忌。說明只有到了共產(chǎn)主義社會，在實(shí)現(xiàn)了人的全面發(fā)展的自由王國里，消滅了私有制，才能消除妒忌。
[Abstract]:Justice is the value of the eternal pursuit of human, and is the first virtue of the social system. The construction of any kind of justice theory can't ignore the envy problem, and Rawls's theory of justice is no exception. In 1971, the classic works of Rawls _----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------He abstracted his theory of justice on the basis of the western contract tradition. The two principles of justice, the principle of equality and the principle of difference, are chosen by the parties who are indifferent to each other in the initial state after the act of ignorance. The jealousy that is caused by the principle of difference may influence the well-ordered social and theoretical construction of Rawls. Rawls will be jealous as an example of the effects of certain special social psychology on the principles of justice, and his definition is that Kant's, jealous, and hostile view of the great goodness of others, even if they are more fortunate than us, and have not diminished our tendency to do good. Rawls will be jealous of envy as a result of the destructive nature of the envy. This method of proof of Rawls is not of historical and practical significance in the connection between the specification and the fact. It is not possible for people to be excluded when choosing the principle of justice. The justice society of Rawls is also a Utopia. In the original state, the jealousy is not considered, which leads to the contradiction of the two principles of justice, the contradiction between them is irreconcilable, and Rawls can't associate with the cancellation of the transformation of the private system and the basic system of the society. nor is it involved in the social transformation of the jealous society to the non-jealous society. Rawls's view of jealousy also has the contradiction between the nature and the reality. in that sense of necessity, there is no envy in the original state, which will not affect the choice of the principle of justice and the construction of the theory of justice. If the envy is to be eliminated completely, the private ownership must be eliminated, and the ideal of Rawls should move towards the ideal of Marx. Of course, we can't actually reproduce Rawls's theory of justice in a historical dimension, but he points out that we should rule out the evil of humanity _ envy, to pursue social ideals, and to listen to some of the moral and political advice he has packaged with the new compact. At present, we are building a well-off society and a harmonious society in an all-round way. The harmonious society is a destiny community, and the co-construction and sharing of mutual assistance is the principle of fairness and justice. It is the way of science to view the jealousy from the realistic dimension. We can enrich and develop the research field of the Marxist theory, strengthen the humane care and psychological guidance to the vulnerable groups, and cultivate the self-confidence, the rational and the positive attitude in the whole society. The paper is divided into six Part: First Part: Introduction. The theoretical and practical value of this topic, the research trend at home and abroad, and the study of this topic are introduced. content and method. Part two: using diachronic and common-time research methods, exploring the origin, development and change of western jealousy, and pointing out the view of Rawls' jealous view. From the three dimensions of age, culture and personal background, the author analyzes the view of Rawls' jealousy. The third part: Rawls' jealous view The main idea is to explain the meaning of the Rawls' jealous view and the relationship between the view of the jealous and the self-respect, the jealousy and the jealousy. The fourth part: Mr. Rawls's view of jealousy and the positive The relationship between the sense of jealousy and the original state and the justice of Rawls. The relationship of the principle. Part five: The theory of Rawls' jealous view. The theory of justice and the view of jealousy of Rawls are of great importance to the construction of a harmonious society and the education of ideological and political education. Reference value. Part 6: Conclusion and prospect. The advantage of Rawls' jealous view is analyzed in detail. There's a problem. Criticizing Rawls's method of eliminating envy is incomplete. It is only to the communist society that, in the realm of the free kingdom that realizes the full development of the human, the private ownership is eliminated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D09
本文編號：2326733
[Abstract]:Justice is the value of the eternal pursuit of human, and is the first virtue of the social system. The construction of any kind of justice theory can't ignore the envy problem, and Rawls's theory of justice is no exception. In 1971, the classic works of Rawls _----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------He abstracted his theory of justice on the basis of the western contract tradition. The two principles of justice, the principle of equality and the principle of difference, are chosen by the parties who are indifferent to each other in the initial state after the act of ignorance. The jealousy that is caused by the principle of difference may influence the well-ordered social and theoretical construction of Rawls. Rawls will be jealous as an example of the effects of certain special social psychology on the principles of justice, and his definition is that Kant's, jealous, and hostile view of the great goodness of others, even if they are more fortunate than us, and have not diminished our tendency to do good. Rawls will be jealous of envy as a result of the destructive nature of the envy. This method of proof of Rawls is not of historical and practical significance in the connection between the specification and the fact. It is not possible for people to be excluded when choosing the principle of justice. The justice society of Rawls is also a Utopia. In the original state, the jealousy is not considered, which leads to the contradiction of the two principles of justice, the contradiction between them is irreconcilable, and Rawls can't associate with the cancellation of the transformation of the private system and the basic system of the society. nor is it involved in the social transformation of the jealous society to the non-jealous society. Rawls's view of jealousy also has the contradiction between the nature and the reality. in that sense of necessity, there is no envy in the original state, which will not affect the choice of the principle of justice and the construction of the theory of justice. If the envy is to be eliminated completely, the private ownership must be eliminated, and the ideal of Rawls should move towards the ideal of Marx. Of course, we can't actually reproduce Rawls's theory of justice in a historical dimension, but he points out that we should rule out the evil of humanity _ envy, to pursue social ideals, and to listen to some of the moral and political advice he has packaged with the new compact. At present, we are building a well-off society and a harmonious society in an all-round way. The harmonious society is a destiny community, and the co-construction and sharing of mutual assistance is the principle of fairness and justice. It is the way of science to view the jealousy from the realistic dimension. We can enrich and develop the research field of the Marxist theory, strengthen the humane care and psychological guidance to the vulnerable groups, and cultivate the self-confidence, the rational and the positive attitude in the whole society. The paper is divided into six Part: First Part: Introduction. The theoretical and practical value of this topic, the research trend at home and abroad, and the study of this topic are introduced. content and method. Part two: using diachronic and common-time research methods, exploring the origin, development and change of western jealousy, and pointing out the view of Rawls' jealous view. From the three dimensions of age, culture and personal background, the author analyzes the view of Rawls' jealousy. The third part: Rawls' jealous view The main idea is to explain the meaning of the Rawls' jealous view and the relationship between the view of the jealous and the self-respect, the jealousy and the jealousy. The fourth part: Mr. Rawls's view of jealousy and the positive The relationship between the sense of jealousy and the original state and the justice of Rawls. The relationship of the principle. Part five: The theory of Rawls' jealous view. The theory of justice and the view of jealousy of Rawls are of great importance to the construction of a harmonious society and the education of ideological and political education. Reference value. Part 6: Conclusion and prospect. The advantage of Rawls' jealous view is analyzed in detail. There's a problem. Criticizing Rawls's method of eliminating envy is incomplete. It is only to the communist society that, in the realm of the free kingdom that realizes the full development of the human, the private ownership is eliminated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D09
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