【摘要】：當(dāng)重大天然災(zāi)害發(fā)生時(shí),不但造成人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)的重大損失,并且對(duì)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展造成負(fù)面的影響。雖然災(zāi)害造成的損害無(wú)可避免,但是若能于災(zāi)前做好防災(zāi)準(zhǔn)備與規(guī)劃,災(zāi)害發(fā)生后能迅速搜集災(zāi)區(qū)信息,實(shí)時(shí)、有效地將救災(zāi)資源送達(dá)災(zāi)區(qū),進(jìn)行災(zāi)后救助,卻能將傷害程度降到最低。因此有效的救災(zāi)資源配送系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃,將決定救災(zāi)工作的績(jī)效。 每當(dāng)重大災(zāi)害發(fā)生時(shí),決策者必須在極短時(shí)間內(nèi)將救災(zāi)人員與救災(zāi)器材與物資做出適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)度,以求有效的降低災(zāi)區(qū)人員與財(cái)產(chǎn)的損失。以往搶險(xiǎn)物資的調(diào)派常以人工經(jīng)驗(yàn)為之,但經(jīng)驗(yàn)調(diào)派卻缺乏系統(tǒng)最佳化的分析,故決策雖可行,但并非最佳及最有效率的決策。因此,本研究針對(duì)實(shí)務(wù)上考慮搶險(xiǎn)物資的稀少性及物資運(yùn)送的急迫性,構(gòu)建一個(gè)災(zāi)后搶險(xiǎn)物資配送的模型,幫助決策者于最短時(shí)間內(nèi)決定最有效率的搶險(xiǎn)物資調(diào)派的配送問(wèn)題。 本研究利用時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)的流動(dòng)技巧,分別構(gòu)建搶險(xiǎn)車流時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)及搶險(xiǎn)物資物流時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在物流時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)中依物資性質(zhì)的不同,以多重時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建多重?fù)岆U(xiǎn)物資的物流網(wǎng)絡(luò),以每一種搶險(xiǎn)物資對(duì)應(yīng)一層時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò),并以每一搶險(xiǎn)物資時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)與車流時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)相對(duì)應(yīng)。在此兩個(gè)時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)計(jì)上,本研究以整數(shù)流動(dòng)方式定義卡車與物資在時(shí)空網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的配送,再在此兩個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)流動(dòng)間加上實(shí)務(wù)的限制,以符合實(shí)際的搶險(xiǎn)物資載運(yùn)作業(yè)方式。本研究并利用LINGO8.0軟件來(lái)求解模型。最后,本研究模擬某次臺(tái)風(fēng)來(lái)襲,以防汛搶險(xiǎn)器材物資倉(cāng)庫(kù)的實(shí)際資料為例,合理假設(shè)災(zāi)害發(fā)生情形,進(jìn)行算例分析,并比較本研究的模型與人工經(jīng)驗(yàn)指派方式的效益,結(jié)果顯示成效良好。最后,本研究更進(jìn)一步通過(guò)敏感度分析,了解各參數(shù)對(duì)目標(biāo)值變化的影響,進(jìn)而使決策者對(duì)災(zāi)后搶險(xiǎn)物資的調(diào)派做最適當(dāng)?shù)臎Q策。
[Abstract]:When a major natural disaster occurs, it not only causes great loss of people's life and property, but also has a negative impact on the country's economic development. Although the damage caused by a disaster is inevitable, if the disaster can be prepared and planned before the disaster, the information of the disaster area can be collected quickly after the disaster, and the disaster relief resources can be effectively delivered to the disaster area in real time to carry out post-disaster relief. It minimizes damage. Therefore, the effective planning of disaster relief resources distribution system will determine the performance of disaster relief work. In order to reduce the loss of disaster personnel and property, the decision-makers must make appropriate dispatch of disaster relief personnel and materials in a very short period of time when a major disaster occurs in order to effectively reduce the loss of personnel and property in the disaster area. In the past, manual experience was often used in the dispatch of emergency supplies, but there was a lack of systematic optimization analysis. Therefore, decision making was feasible, but not the best and most efficient decision. Therefore, considering the scarcity of emergency materials and the urgency of material delivery in practice, this study constructs a model for the distribution of emergency materials after disaster, which helps the decision makers decide the most efficient distribution of emergency supplies in the shortest time. In this study, the space-time network of emergency vehicle flow and the space-time network of material logistics were constructed by using the flow skills of space-time network. In the logistics space-time network, according to the nature of the material, the logistics network is constructed with the multi-layer space-time network, and each kind of emergency material corresponds to a layer of space-time network. And each emergency goods and space-time network and vehicle flow space-time network corresponding. In the design of these two space-time networks, this study defines the distribution of trucks and materials in the space-time network by integer flow, and then adds practical restrictions between the two networks, in order to meet the actual operation mode of carrying goods and materials in emergency. In this paper, LINGO8.0 software is used to solve the model. Finally, this study simulates the impact of a typhoon, taking the actual data of the material warehouse of flood prevention and rescue equipment as an example, reasonably supposing the occurrence of the disaster, making a calculation analysis, and comparing the benefits of the model and the artificial experience assignment method. The results show good results. Finally, through sensitivity analysis, the influence of each parameter on the target value is understood, and the decision maker can make the most appropriate decision on the allocation of emergency materials after the disaster.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：O221;D035

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 陳樹(shù)東;突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急物流區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制研究[D];南華大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2307766