貝林格“歷史性妥協(xié)”思想研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-29 17:49
【摘要】：恩里科·貝林格是國際共產主義運動的著名活動家,他把畢生精力獻給了意大利追求社會主義的偉大事業(yè),其提出的“歷史性妥協(xié)”思想為意大利處理各黨之間的正確關系和促進共產主義運動的發(fā)展作出了杰出貢獻。研究這一思想,有利于豐富和發(fā)展科學社會主義理論,有利于把握新形勢下發(fā)達國家共產黨生存和發(fā)展的基本規(guī)律,為世界共產黨堅守馬克思主義陣地提供諸多啟示。首先,貝林格“歷史性妥協(xié)”理論的形成有著深刻的理論淵源和現(xiàn)實基礎,一方面,葛蘭西的聯(lián)盟戰(zhàn)略和陶里亞蒂“薩萊諾轉折”的理論為“歷史性妥協(xié)”提供了理論基礎,另一方面,意大利分裂且多元的政治文化和20世紀60-70年代天主教界的“左”轉傾向是“歷史性妥協(xié)”思想形成的現(xiàn)實基礎。此外,智利政變事件也為意共提出“歷史性妥協(xié)”思想提供了契機。文章從五個方面對貝林格“歷史性妥協(xié)”思想的主要內容作出介紹。第一,主張促進各種大的社會力量和大的政治力量協(xié)同一致;第二,主張促進中間階層和工人階級之間的利益一致;第三,尋求同天民黨諒解,但不放棄批評天民黨的權利;第四,尊重宗教對生活的指導和尊重宗教信仰自由;第五,主張執(zhí)行緩和政策,支持歐洲的利益。同時,本文對貝林格“歷史性妥協(xié)”思想在20世紀70年代末受挫并最終失敗的原因進行深入解讀。分析認為意共“歷史性妥協(xié)”的失敗一方面是因為意共為了達到執(zhí)政目的,其指導思想的去馬克思主義化,放棄民主集中制,造成黨內思想混亂。另一方面,隨著歷史性妥協(xié)思想的實施,意大利國內社會基礎的變化和共產黨內部出現(xiàn)了階級認同難題。當前對貝林格“歷史性妥協(xié)”思想的研究有著重要的歷史價值:一方面,這一思想對發(fā)達資本主義國家探索社會主義道路產生了深遠影響。另一方面,“歷史性妥協(xié)”思想為國際共產主義運動留下了寶貴的經驗。同時,“歷史性妥協(xié)”思想為發(fā)達資本主義國家當前的世界社會主義運動提供了較多啟示:第一,發(fā)達國家共產黨應該重視群眾性的經濟和政治斗爭,建設具有革新精神的群眾性政黨;第二,要堅持獨立自主的探索社會主義道路,建立穩(wěn)定的左翼聯(lián)盟;第三,發(fā)達國家共產黨爭取執(zhí)政的過程具有長期性和艱巨性,要把馬克思主義同本國實際情況相結合,制定符合本國實際的綱領政策。同時,正確處理黨內意見分歧和矛盾沖突。
[Abstract]:Enrico Berlinguer, a prominent activist of the international communist movement, devoted his life to the great cause of Italy's pursuit of socialism. His idea of "historic compromise" has made an outstanding contribution to Italy's handling of the correct relations between the parties and promoting the development of the communist movement. The study of this thought is beneficial to enrich and develop the scientific socialist theory, to grasp the basic laws of the existence and development of the Communist Party of developed countries under the new situation, and to provide many inspirations for the Communist Party of the world to stick to the Marxist position. First of all, the formation of Berlinguer's theory of "historic compromise" has a profound theoretical origin and practical foundation. On the one hand, Gramsci's alliance strategy and Toriarty's "Saleo transition" theory provide a theoretical basis for "historical compromise". On the other hand, the split and pluralistic political culture in Italy and the "left" tendency of the Catholic community in the 1960s and 1970s were the realistic basis for the formation of the idea of "historic compromise". In addition, the coup in Chile also provided an opportunity for the idea of historical compromise. This paper introduces the main contents of Berlinguer's thought of historical compromise from five aspects. First, to promote the unity of various social forces and political forces; second, to promote the unity of interests between the middle class and the working class; third, to seek understanding with the Democratic Party, but not to give up the right to criticize the Party; Fourth, to respect religious guidance in life and to respect freedom of religious belief; fifthly, to advocate the implementation of policies of detente and support for the interests of Europe. At the same time, this paper deeply explains the reason why Berlinguer's thought of historic compromise was frustrated and finally failed in the late 70's of the 20th century. It is believed that the failure of the "historic compromise" of the Communist Party of Italy is, on the one hand, because in order to achieve the purpose of ruling, the guiding ideology of the Communist Party of Italy is deMarxism and gives up democratic centralism, resulting in ideological confusion within the Party. On the other hand, with the implementation of the historical compromise thought, the change of the social foundation and the class identity problem appeared in the Communist Party. At present, the study of Berlinguer's thought of "historic compromise" has important historical value: on the one hand, it has a profound influence on the exploration of socialist road in developed capitalist countries. On the other hand, the idea of historical compromise left valuable experience for the international communist movement. At the same time, the idea of "historic compromise" has provided more enlightenment for the current world socialist movement in developed capitalist countries. First, the Communist Party of developed countries should attach importance to the mass economic and political struggle. To build a mass political party with a spirit of innovation; Second, we should adhere to the independent exploration of the socialist road, and establish a stable left-wing coalition; Third, the process of the Communist Party of developed countries striving for power is of a long and arduous nature, so it is necessary to combine Marxism with the actual conditions of our country and formulate a program policy that conforms to the actual conditions of our country. At the same time, the correct handling of inner-party differences of opinion and conflicts.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D091
本文編號：2298367
[Abstract]:Enrico Berlinguer, a prominent activist of the international communist movement, devoted his life to the great cause of Italy's pursuit of socialism. His idea of "historic compromise" has made an outstanding contribution to Italy's handling of the correct relations between the parties and promoting the development of the communist movement. The study of this thought is beneficial to enrich and develop the scientific socialist theory, to grasp the basic laws of the existence and development of the Communist Party of developed countries under the new situation, and to provide many inspirations for the Communist Party of the world to stick to the Marxist position. First of all, the formation of Berlinguer's theory of "historic compromise" has a profound theoretical origin and practical foundation. On the one hand, Gramsci's alliance strategy and Toriarty's "Saleo transition" theory provide a theoretical basis for "historical compromise". On the other hand, the split and pluralistic political culture in Italy and the "left" tendency of the Catholic community in the 1960s and 1970s were the realistic basis for the formation of the idea of "historic compromise". In addition, the coup in Chile also provided an opportunity for the idea of historical compromise. This paper introduces the main contents of Berlinguer's thought of historical compromise from five aspects. First, to promote the unity of various social forces and political forces; second, to promote the unity of interests between the middle class and the working class; third, to seek understanding with the Democratic Party, but not to give up the right to criticize the Party; Fourth, to respect religious guidance in life and to respect freedom of religious belief; fifthly, to advocate the implementation of policies of detente and support for the interests of Europe. At the same time, this paper deeply explains the reason why Berlinguer's thought of historic compromise was frustrated and finally failed in the late 70's of the 20th century. It is believed that the failure of the "historic compromise" of the Communist Party of Italy is, on the one hand, because in order to achieve the purpose of ruling, the guiding ideology of the Communist Party of Italy is deMarxism and gives up democratic centralism, resulting in ideological confusion within the Party. On the other hand, with the implementation of the historical compromise thought, the change of the social foundation and the class identity problem appeared in the Communist Party. At present, the study of Berlinguer's thought of "historic compromise" has important historical value: on the one hand, it has a profound influence on the exploration of socialist road in developed capitalist countries. On the other hand, the idea of historical compromise left valuable experience for the international communist movement. At the same time, the idea of "historic compromise" has provided more enlightenment for the current world socialist movement in developed capitalist countries. First, the Communist Party of developed countries should attach importance to the mass economic and political struggle. To build a mass political party with a spirit of innovation; Second, we should adhere to the independent exploration of the socialist road, and establish a stable left-wing coalition; Third, the process of the Communist Party of developed countries striving for power is of a long and arduous nature, so it is necessary to combine Marxism with the actual conditions of our country and formulate a program policy that conforms to the actual conditions of our country. At the same time, the correct handling of inner-party differences of opinion and conflicts.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D091
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