【摘要】：作為批判理性主義哲學(xué)的創(chuàng)始人，波普爾認(rèn)為必須恢復(fù)康德，以至于古希臘以來(lái)理性批判的傳統(tǒng)，去除理性的獨(dú)斷。波普爾批判理性主義思想在政治哲領(lǐng)域中表現(xiàn)為對(duì)理性的審查，對(duì)絕對(duì)歷史規(guī)律和歷史預(yù)言的批判。因?yàn)槎咄桥c整體主義思想緊密聯(lián)系的，并會(huì)導(dǎo)致極權(quán)主義。波普爾批判理性主義政治哲學(xué)自成體系，在方法論角度以證偽思想對(duì)歷史決定論及整體主義的批判對(duì)其批判理性主義政治哲學(xué)進(jìn)行了論證。證偽思想源于波普爾科學(xué)哲學(xué)思想中對(duì)歸納問(wèn)題的解決。繼休謨對(duì)歸納法顛覆性的質(zhì)疑之后，波普爾進(jìn)一步通過(guò)對(duì)邏輯實(shí)證主義者證實(shí)原則的批判，確立了證偽主義的原則。試錯(cuò)方法及其形而上學(xué)的研究綱領(lǐng)實(shí)在論和非決定論，，為波普爾批判理性主義政治哲學(xué)奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的方法論基石。波普爾在運(yùn)用證偽思想批判歷史決定論思想的過(guò)程中，同時(shí)也凸顯了其價(jià)值觀及政治哲學(xué)的價(jià)值訴求：反對(duì)極權(quán)主義，致力于追求人道主義的正義、自由和民主。開放社會(huì)即以理性的批判和民主制度為標(biāo)志。與歷史決定論的烏托邦社會(huì)工程相反，波普爾主張通過(guò)漸進(jìn)社會(huì)工程走向開放社會(huì)。達(dá)至波普爾批判理性主義哲學(xué)觀的方法論是證偽思想，實(shí)現(xiàn)其哲學(xué)理念及價(jià)值觀的制度途徑表現(xiàn)為漸進(jìn)社會(huì)工程。文章試圖以此為邏輯線路經(jīng)由理念到表象、抽象到具體，以期探求波普爾政治哲學(xué)的基本體系。關(guān)于理性的獨(dú)斷，在政治哲學(xué)思想史上對(duì)其進(jìn)行深刻地分析并持審慎批判態(tài)度的思想家諸如哈耶克、奧克肖特等，在哲學(xué)觀、價(jià)值觀等方面與波普爾有或同或異之處。本文試圖以此對(duì)比為輔線，以對(duì)波普爾的政治哲學(xué)觀點(diǎn)及體系有一更明了的分析。
[Abstract]:As the founder of critical rationalism philosophy Popper thought it was necessary to restore Kant so that the tradition of rational criticism since ancient Greece was removed from rational arbitrariness. Popper's criticism of rationalism in the field of political philosophy is characterized by a review of reason and a critique of absolute historical laws and historical prophecies. Because the two are often closely related to the idea of holism, and will lead to totalitarianism. Popper criticizes rationalism political philosophy as its own system, and proves its critical rationalism political philosophy with the criticism of historical determinism and holism from the perspective of methodology. The theory of falsification originates from the solution of inductive problems in Popper's philosophy of science. After Hume questioned the subversive nature of inductive law Popper further established the principle of falsification by criticizing the principle of confirmation of logical positivism. Trial and error methods and their metaphysical research program realism and non-determinism lay a solid methodological foundation for Popper's criticism of rationalist political philosophy. In the process of criticizing historical determinism by means of falsification thought Popper also highlights the value demands of his values and political philosophy: opposing totalitarianism and devoting himself to pursuing humanitarianism justice freedom and democracy. Open society is marked by rational criticism and democratic system. Contrary to the historical determinism of Utopian social engineering, Popper advocates moving towards an open society through progressive social engineering. The methodology of Popper's critical philosophy of rationalism is falsification, and the institutional approach to realize his philosophy and values is progressive social engineering. This paper attempts to use this as a logical line to explore the basic system of Popper's political philosophy by means of concept to representation and abstract to concrete. On the arbitrariness of reason, thinkers such as Hayek and Oakchott, who deeply analyzed and critically criticized it in the history of political philosophy thought, have some similarities or differences with Popper in the aspects of philosophy, values and so on. This paper attempts to make a clearer analysis of Popper's political philosophy and its system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D0

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