【摘要】： 馬基雅維利在對羅馬歷史的研究中,用了大量的文字來討論自由與腐敗的關系,這就構(gòu)成了馬基雅維利的廉政思想的主體內(nèi)容。自由與腐敗到底是一種怎樣的關系?馬基雅維利到底有沒有重視過腐敗的問題?經(jīng)過研究,我發(fā)現(xiàn)馬基雅維利的“政治腐敗觀”繼承了亞里士多德開創(chuàng)的“政體的腐敗”的研究思路,他的廉政思想滲透到對政體形式的研究當中,但是又有所不同。因為他當時面臨著兩種不同的腐�。夯浇痰母瘮『褪浪渍䴔�(quán)的腐敗。 馬基雅維利關于政體腐敗的原因的探究主要是圍繞著自由與腐敗的關系展開。馬基雅維利提出了“腐敗的土壤”的概念,他說“城市中的民眾沒有腐敗,這樣的城市易于管理；有平等的地方,難以建立君主國,沒有平等的地方,難以建立共和國”,在馬基雅維利看來,人是容易腐敗的,這是造成政體腐敗的主要原因。在解決基督教的腐敗的時候,需要借助于一個強大和穩(wěn)定的共和國,但是佛羅倫薩由于沒有自由的土壤,這種共和國很難建立。 雖然腐敗的人民很難建立自由的共和國,但是馬基雅維利提出了防止政體腐敗的長期的對策,如為了避免單一政體的弊端而采用混合政體,運用宗教和法律的力量來改善腐敗的土壤,提出發(fā)生內(nèi)部腐敗的時候,想要革除弊端的人,如果沒有十足的把握,就應該首先學會妥協(xié),不至于刺激它想出革故鼎新的辦法。這句忠告對于立志于革除弊端的人都應該慎重考慮。 在討論了馬基雅維利的廉政思想以后,最后指出馬基雅維利的廉政思想對于中國政治文明建設的啟示,社會的穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)只有在自由和腐敗之間達到一定的平衡時才能體現(xiàn)出來。中國在不搞三權(quán)分立和多黨執(zhí)政的前提下應該更多的挖掘人民代表大會制度的潛力,逐步地提高人民的參政能力。
[Abstract]:In the study of Roman history, Machiavelli used a lot of words to discuss the relationship between freedom and corruption, which formed the main content of Machiavelli's clean government thought. What is the relationship between freedom and corruption? Does Machiavelli really care about corruption? Through research, I find that Machiavelli's "political corruption" inherits Aristotle's idea of "corruption of polity", and his idea of clean government permeates into the study of form of government, but it is different. Because he faced two different kinds of corruption: Christian corruption and secular regime corruption. Machiavelli's research on the causes of polity corruption mainly revolves around the relationship between freedom and corruption. Machiavelli put forward the concept of "the soil of corruption," saying that "cities are free from corruption, and such cities are easy to manage; where there is equality, it is difficult to establish a monarchy, and without equality, it is difficult to establish a republic." In Machiavelli's view, people are prone to corruption, which is the main cause of political corruption. In dealing with Christian corruption, a strong and stable republic was needed, but Florence was difficult to establish because it had no soil for freedom. Although it is difficult for corrupt people to establish a free republic, Machiavelli has put forward long-term measures to prevent the corruption of the polity, such as the adoption of a mixed system of government in order to avoid the disadvantages of a single regime, Using the power of religion and law to improve the soil of corruption, it is suggested that when internal corruption occurs, those who want to get rid of malpractices should first learn to compromise if they are not sure, so as not to stimulate them to come up with ways to reform the old and the new. This advice should be carefully considered for those who are determined to get rid of their malpractices. After discussing Machiavelli's idea of clean government, it is pointed out that the enlightenment of Machiavelli's thought of clean government to the construction of Chinese political civilization is that the stable state of society can only be reflected when there is a certain balance between freedom and corruption. Without the separation of powers and multi-party rule, China should tap the potential of the people's Congress system and gradually improve the people's ability to participate in politics.
【學位授予單位】：中國政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D09

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本文編號：2282210