【摘要】：社會(huì)管理乃一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程，法治應(yīng)與德治并行，管理應(yīng)融合于服務(wù)，人的行為改造應(yīng)與觀念的形塑相連，“硬執(zhí)行力”應(yīng)有“軟執(zhí)行力”的配合。政府軟執(zhí)行力是指政府在社會(huì)管理與公共服務(wù)過(guò)程中，，尊重并順應(yīng)管理和服務(wù)對(duì)象的社會(huì)心理和個(gè)體情感等因素，運(yùn)用價(jià)值播種、輿論宣傳、精神感召等柔性手段，充分發(fā)揮社會(huì)組織和公民的作用，以實(shí)現(xiàn)改變?nèi)藗冃袨榕c社會(huì)風(fēng)氣等政策目標(biāo)的程度。提升軟執(zhí)行力不僅是繼承德治傳統(tǒng)的需要，也是改革現(xiàn)實(shí)的要求；既是改善政府執(zhí)行質(zhì)量，提高政府社會(huì)管理水平的需要，也是化解社會(huì)矛盾與沖突，促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧發(fā)展的需要。政府軟執(zhí)行力既作用于柔性目標(biāo)政策領(lǐng)域，實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)群體內(nèi)心引導(dǎo)，又作用于剛性目標(biāo)政策領(lǐng)域，協(xié)助對(duì)目標(biāo)群體的外在型塑；政府軟執(zhí)行力既作用于微觀層面，形成目標(biāo)群體自覺(jué)行為，又作用于宏觀層面，促進(jìn)社會(huì)治理主體協(xié)同合作。切實(shí)提升政府軟執(zhí)行力要從那些適合剛性執(zhí)行手段卻阻礙柔性執(zhí)行手段的政府要素入手，軟執(zhí)行力主要來(lái)源于這些政府要素的一系列變革之中。就政府內(nèi)部來(lái)看，軟執(zhí)行來(lái)源于執(zhí)行觀念從管制觀念到服務(wù)意識(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)變、執(zhí)行計(jì)劃從策略應(yīng)對(duì)到戰(zhàn)略謀劃的改革、執(zhí)行組織結(jié)構(gòu)從科層化到整體型的變革、執(zhí)行方式從呆板單一到靈活多樣的創(chuàng)新、執(zhí)行人員從技術(shù)型到知識(shí)型的素質(zhì)提升；就政府外部來(lái)看，軟執(zhí)行力來(lái)源于政府與民眾之間從不信任到相互信任的關(guān)系調(diào)整、政府與媒體之間從管制到良性互動(dòng)的關(guān)系進(jìn)化。政府軟執(zhí)行力績(jī)效評(píng)估有利于突破政府改革的利益困境和主體困境，是提升政府軟執(zhí)行力“牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身”的關(guān)鍵著力點(diǎn)。從突出社會(huì)評(píng)估主體的核心地位、強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)柔性執(zhí)行手段的測(cè)量評(píng)估、確保民意調(diào)查方法的科學(xué)性這三個(gè)方面提出提升政府軟執(zhí)行力的績(jī)效方略。
[Abstract]:Social management is a systematic project, the rule of law should be parallel with the rule of virtue, the management should be integrated in service, the transformation of human behavior should be connected with the shape and shape of the concept, and the "hard execution" should be coordinated with the "soft execution". The soft execution of government means that in the process of social management and public service, the government respects and complies with the social psychology and individual emotion of the management and service object, and applies the soft means such as value seeding, public opinion propaganda, spiritual call, etc. Give full play to the role of social organizations and citizens in order to achieve the policy objectives of changing people's behavior and social atmosphere. Enhancing soft execution is not only the need of inheriting the tradition of rule by virtue, but also the requirement of reform reality, which is not only the need to improve the quality of government execution and improve the level of government social management, but also the need to resolve social contradictions and conflicts. The need to promote the harmonious development of society. The soft execution ability of government not only acts in the field of flexible target policy, realizes the inner guidance of the target group, but also acts on the rigid target policy field to help shape the external shape of the target group, and the soft execution power of the government acts on the micro level. Forming the conscious behavior of target groups and acting on the macro level, promoting the cooperation of the main body of social governance. In order to effectively enhance the government's soft execution, it is necessary to start with those government elements that are suitable for rigid means of execution but hinder the flexible means of implementation, and the soft execution mainly comes from a series of changes of these government elements. As far as the internal government is concerned, soft execution comes from the transformation of the concept of execution from the concept of regulation to the consciousness of service, the reform of the implementation plan from the strategic response to the strategic planning, and the transformation of the executive organizational structure from the division to the overall type. From the perspective of the government, the soft execution comes from the adjustment of the relationship between the government and the public from distrust to mutual trust. The relationship between government and media evolves from regulation to benign interaction. The performance evaluation of government soft execution is helpful to break through the dilemma of interest and subject of government reform, and is the key point to enhance the soft execution of government. From the three aspects of highlighting the core position of the main body of social evaluation, emphasizing the measurement and evaluation of flexible means of implementation, and ensuring the scientific nature of the public opinion survey method, this paper puts forward the performance strategy of improving the soft execution power of the government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D035

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