分析蘇格蘭民族運動的成因
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-17 22:27
【摘要】：“愛丁堡協(xié)議”的簽署使2014年“蘇格蘭獨立”公投合法化。這將是一個具有歷史意義的時刻，蘇格蘭人民將在此次公投中決定蘇格蘭，乃至整個英國的命運。盡管目前民意調(diào)查顯示，多數(shù)蘇格蘭人還是支持維持現(xiàn)狀，但不可否認的是蘇格蘭民族運動在過去三十年間有愈演愈烈的趨勢。 本文的目的在于探討、研究蘇格蘭民族運動背后的四大成因：經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和民族運動息息相關，是其最主要的推動因素，尤其是七十年代北海油田的發(fā)現(xiàn)給了民族主義者極大的經(jīng)濟獨立的信心；歐盟一體化進程降低了蘇格蘭獨立的門檻，減少了獨立可能帶來的沖擊；蘇格蘭民族黨被選民視為認同的政黨，在競選中節(jié)節(jié)攀升，而在蘇格蘭長期居領導地位的工黨未能認清放權后局勢的改變而對民族運動的升溫做出積極應對，從側(cè)面推動了蘇格蘭民族黨的成功；蘇格蘭人的民族認同感越來越強烈。 不論2014年公投結(jié)果如何，可以肯定的是蘇格蘭將會尋求更多自主權，，放權的力度只會有增無減，以應對英聯(lián)合王國在當代暴露出的缺陷和世界新局勢帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:The signing of the Edinburgh Accord legitimized the 2014 Scottish Independence referendum. It will be a historic moment for the people of Scotland to decide the fate of Scotland, and of Britain as a whole, in this referendum. While opinion polls now show that most Scots still support the status quo, it is undeniable that the Scottish National Movement has grown stronger over the past three decades. The purpose of this paper is to explore and study the four causes behind the Scottish national movement: the economic development is closely related to the national movement, which is the most important driving factor. In particular, the discovery of the North Sea oil fields in the 1970s gave the nationalists great confidence in economic independence; the integration process of the European Union lowered the threshold of Scottish independence and reduced the possible impact of independence. The Scottish National Party (SNP), regarded by voters as a recognized political party, has climbed in the election campaign, while the Labour Party, which has long held a leading position in Scotland, has failed to recognize the changes in the situation after the devolution of power and has responded positively to the rise of the national movement. The success of the Scottish National Party has been fuelled by the growing national identity of Scots. Whatever the outcome of the 2014 referendum, it is certain that Scotland will seek more autonomy and that decentralization will only increase in response to the UK's contemporary shortcomings and the challenges posed by the new world situation.
【學位授予單位】：上海外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D062
本文編號：2278221
[Abstract]:The signing of the Edinburgh Accord legitimized the 2014 Scottish Independence referendum. It will be a historic moment for the people of Scotland to decide the fate of Scotland, and of Britain as a whole, in this referendum. While opinion polls now show that most Scots still support the status quo, it is undeniable that the Scottish National Movement has grown stronger over the past three decades. The purpose of this paper is to explore and study the four causes behind the Scottish national movement: the economic development is closely related to the national movement, which is the most important driving factor. In particular, the discovery of the North Sea oil fields in the 1970s gave the nationalists great confidence in economic independence; the integration process of the European Union lowered the threshold of Scottish independence and reduced the possible impact of independence. The Scottish National Party (SNP), regarded by voters as a recognized political party, has climbed in the election campaign, while the Labour Party, which has long held a leading position in Scotland, has failed to recognize the changes in the situation after the devolution of power and has responded positively to the rise of the national movement. The success of the Scottish National Party has been fuelled by the growing national identity of Scots. Whatever the outcome of the 2014 referendum, it is certain that Scotland will seek more autonomy and that decentralization will only increase in response to the UK's contemporary shortcomings and the challenges posed by the new world situation.
【學位授予單位】：上海外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D062
【參考文獻】
相關期刊論文 前2條
1 王磊;;當代蘇格蘭民族主義運動探析[J];世界民族;2011年05期
2 楊義萍;申義懷;;蘇格蘭的民族獨立運動及其影響[J];現(xiàn)代國際關系;1992年05期
本文編號：2278221
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