【摘要】：國(guó)家在古希臘被稱為城邦，在西方近代指稱的是與自然狀態(tài)相對(duì)的政治社會(huì)，國(guó)家與市民社會(huì)是同一的。在中國(guó)漫長(zhǎng)的古代，由“邦”開始，到“天下”、“國(guó)”、“家”，國(guó)家開始作為真正的政治術(shù)語(yǔ)使用,而且市民社會(huì)早已淹沒在國(guó)家之中。隨著歷史的前進(jìn)，國(guó)家的內(nèi)容也越來(lái)越豐富，尤其是發(fā)展到現(xiàn)代，國(guó)家在國(guó)際舞臺(tái)上發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越大的作用，于是展開了以國(guó)家為對(duì)象的探討。本文以馬克思和恩格斯合著的《德意志意識(shí)形態(tài)》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱為《形態(tài)》）為研究的范本，對(duì)《形態(tài)》中關(guān)于國(guó)家與市民社會(huì)的片段分析做出整理，揭示國(guó)家產(chǎn)生發(fā)展的前提、內(nèi)容和本質(zhì)，指出國(guó)家的歷史責(zé)任,并對(duì)現(xiàn)代國(guó)家進(jìn)行了再定位。 正文總共分為三個(gè)部分，第一部分探討《形態(tài)》國(guó)家觀的理論淵源，理清與黑格爾國(guó)家觀的關(guān)系，指出《形態(tài)》中馬克思和恩格斯對(duì)于黑格爾國(guó)家觀念在哪些方面實(shí)現(xiàn)了超越，而不僅僅是頭足倒置的問題。第二部分著重闡述《形態(tài)》中國(guó)家觀的內(nèi)容。從國(guó)家產(chǎn)生發(fā)展的前提開始，探討《形態(tài)》中國(guó)家觀的主要內(nèi)容，揭示國(guó)家這種虛幻共同體的本質(zhì)，分析國(guó)家消滅的歷史必然性，以及國(guó)家消滅后的社會(huì)如何運(yùn)行的問題。最后一部分，探討現(xiàn)代國(guó)家再定位，如何理解現(xiàn)代國(guó)家與市民社會(huì)的關(guān)系，分析市民社會(huì)在中國(guó)構(gòu)建以及發(fā)展的可能性。此外，對(duì)于國(guó)家和市民社會(huì)的關(guān)系在中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義建設(shè)中應(yīng)當(dāng)如何把握做出作者的分析。 通過對(duì)《形態(tài)》文本的研究，結(jié)合前輩的研究成果，明確馬克思恩格斯對(duì)于國(guó)家的態(tài)度，對(duì)國(guó)家和市民社會(huì)從本質(zhì)上進(jìn)行把握，，以歷史唯物主義的觀點(diǎn)把握國(guó)家產(chǎn)生的必然性與消滅的必然性。國(guó)家的消滅是個(gè)歷史的過程，但現(xiàn)階段國(guó)家仍然沒有完成自己的歷史使命，所以筆者對(duì)如何建設(shè)現(xiàn)代國(guó)家，尤其是對(duì)社會(huì)主義中國(guó)如何建設(shè)國(guó)家、如何建設(shè)國(guó)家與市民社會(huì)提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:The state in ancient Greece is called the city-state. In the western modern times, it refers to the political society opposite to the natural state, and the state and the civil society are the same. In ancient China, from "state" to "world", "country", "home", the state began to be used as a true political term, and civil society had long been submerged in the country. With the development of history, the content of the country is becoming more and more abundant, especially to the modern. The country is playing a more and more important role on the international stage. Taking the German ideology co-authored by Marx and Engels (hereinafter referred to as "form") as the research model, this paper collates the fragments of the "form" about the state and civil society, and reveals the premise of the development of the country. Content and essence, pointing out the historical responsibility of the state, and repositioning the modern country. The text is divided into three parts. The first part discusses the theoretical origin of the concept of "form", clarifies the relationship between it and Hegel's concept of state, and points out that Marx and Engels have transcended the concept of Hegel's state in what aspects. It's not just a question of head inversion. The second part focuses on the content of the state view in the form. Starting from the premise of national development, this paper probes into the main contents of the concept of state in "form", reveals the essence of the illusory community of state, analyzes the historical inevitability of national annihilation, and the question of how the society functions after the state is destroyed. The last part discusses the reorientation of modern country, how to understand the relationship between modern state and civil society, and analyzes the possibility of the construction and development of civil society in China. In addition, the author analyzes the relationship between the state and civil society in the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Through the study of the text of "form" and the research results of the predecessors, it is clear that Marx and Engels' attitude towards the state and the essence of the state and civil society should be grasped. Grasp the inevitability of the country and the inevitability of extermination from the viewpoint of historical materialism. The elimination of the state is a historical process, but at the present stage the country still has not completed its historical mission. Therefore, the author is concerned about how to build a modern country, especially the socialist China, how to build a country. How to build the country and civil society to put forward their own views.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D032

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