【摘要】：霍布豪斯是英國(guó)政治思想家、哲學(xué)家和社會(huì)學(xué)家,新自由主義的代表人物。他的權(quán)利思想集中反映了當(dāng)時(shí)英國(guó)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活的訴求,體現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時(shí)英國(guó)中下層資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的權(quán)利要求。19世紀(jì)后半葉,英國(guó)資本主義發(fā)展面臨瓶頸問題,資本集中和兼并程度較大,壟斷企業(yè)大量出現(xiàn),失去了自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的環(huán)境,很多中小企業(yè)瀕臨破產(chǎn),社會(huì)矛盾日益激化。霍布豪斯的權(quán)利思想,正是在這種背景下產(chǎn)生的,主要想借助國(guó)家“有形的手”對(duì)混亂的經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序進(jìn)行整頓,重新確立經(jīng)濟(jì)格局,調(diào)整社會(huì)矛盾,實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)的和諧。當(dāng)然,因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)時(shí)代的局限,以及霍布豪斯本身的立場(chǎng),使得其權(quán)利思想有一定的局限,但也難掩其思想的價(jià)值。本文主要圍繞霍布豪斯的權(quán)利思想,挖掘其背后潛藏的理論支持,分析其權(quán)利思想的特點(diǎn)與貢獻(xiàn)。全文共分五個(gè)部分:第一部分為緒論,主要從選題依據(jù)及意義,國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,創(chuàng)新之處,重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn),研究方法等方面進(jìn)行闡述。第二部分為霍布豪斯權(quán)利思想的形成背景和理論基礎(chǔ)。主要分析了霍布豪斯權(quán)利思想形成的時(shí)代背景,討論了霍布豪斯權(quán)利觀的理論基礎(chǔ),這主要從古典自由主義理論、社會(huì)有機(jī)理論和民主社會(huì)主義理論等方面加以分析。第三部分為霍布豪斯權(quán)利思想的基本范疇和主張。通過界定權(quán)利內(nèi)涵、闡釋重要范疇關(guān)系和公民權(quán)利基本主張等方面內(nèi)容,分析霍布豪斯權(quán)利思想特征。第四部分為霍布豪斯關(guān)于權(quán)利行使和實(shí)現(xiàn)的學(xué)說。主要從自由、平等、和諧闡述權(quán)利行使的原則,并從個(gè)體的理性化、國(guó)家的積極作為兩個(gè)方面探索霍布豪斯關(guān)于權(quán)利實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑的理論。第五部分為對(duì)霍布豪斯權(quán)利思想的評(píng)價(jià)。本章從全面闡釋自由的社會(huì)性,和諧觀念引領(lǐng)權(quán)利理論,國(guó)家干預(yù)的合法性等方面討論霍布豪斯權(quán)利思想的貢獻(xiàn);論證霍布豪斯權(quán)利思想的局限主要體現(xiàn)在權(quán)利主體劃分不清和國(guó)家權(quán)力監(jiān)督有待關(guān)注等方面。最后闡述霍布豪斯權(quán)利思想的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,這主要體現(xiàn)在提供建設(shè)法治社會(huì)的理論借鑒,國(guó)家治理現(xiàn)代化的理念汲取等方面。
[Abstract]:Hobhaus is an English political thinker, philosopher and sociologist and representative of neoliberalism. His thought of rights mainly reflected the demands of British political, economic and social life at that time, and reflected the claims of the middle and lower bourgeoisie at that time. In the latter half of the 19th century, the development of British capitalism was facing a bottleneck problem. The degree of capital concentration and merger is large, monopoly enterprises appear in large numbers, and the environment of free competition is lost. Many small and medium-sized enterprises are on the verge of bankruptcy, and social contradictions are becoming more and more intense. It is under this background that Hobhaus' thought of right comes into being, which mainly aims at rectifying the chaotic economic order with the help of the "tangible hand" of the state, re-establishing the economic structure, adjusting social contradictions and realizing social harmony. Of course, because of the limitation of social times and Hobhaus' own position, his thought of right has certain limitation, but it is difficult to hide the value of his thought. This paper focuses on Hobhaus' thought of right, excavates the underlying theoretical support, and analyzes the characteristics and contributions of his thought of right. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, mainly from the basis and significance of the topic, domestic and foreign research status, innovation, emphasis and difficulties, research methods and so on. The second part is the background and theoretical basis of Hobhaus' right thought. This paper mainly analyzes the background of the formation of Hobhaus' thought of right, and discusses the theoretical basis of Hobhaus' view of right, which is mainly analyzed from the aspects of classical liberalism theory, social organic theory and democratic socialism theory. The third part is the basic category and proposition of Hobhaus' right thought. By defining the connotation of rights, explaining the relationship between important categories and the basic claims of civil rights and other aspects, this paper analyzes the ideological characteristics of Hobhaus' rights. The fourth part is the theory of the exercise and realization of rights. It mainly expounds the principle of the exercise of rights from the aspects of freedom, equality and harmony, and probes into Hobhaus' theory on the ways to realize the right from two aspects: the rationalization of the individual and the positive action of the state. The fifth part is the evaluation of Hobhaus' right thought. This chapter discusses the contribution of Hobhaus' right thought from the following aspects: the social nature of freedom, the concept of harmony leading the theory of right, the legitimacy of state intervention, etc. The limitation of Hobhaus' thought of rights is mainly reflected in the unclear division of the subject of rights and the need to pay attention to the supervision of state power. At last, it expounds the realistic significance of Hobhaus' thought of right, which is mainly reflected in providing the theoretical reference for the construction of a society ruled by law and the concept of modernization of national governance and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D091

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