柳宗元國家學說研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-03 07:05
【摘要】：柳宗元是中唐時期一位著名的政治家、思想家和文學家。本文著重探討柳宗元政治哲學方面的成就,集中論述了他的國家學說體系。 本文包括五個章節(jié)的內容。 第一章,國家學說概述。本章簡述了東西方社會對國家的認識,介紹了政治權力的一系列理論,并概述了我國古代國家學說史。 第二章,國家起源論。本章討論了兩類不同的國家起源論——“合作說”與“沖突說”,并強調指出我國傳統(tǒng)儒家具有“合作說”的特質。在君權合法性問題上,儒家內部有兩種不同的思路交相輝映,一種是以“性善論”為基點,從國家具有教化民眾向善的公共職能的角度說明政治權力合法性。一種是以“性惡說”為基點,從國家具有管理社會民生的公共職能的角度說明政治權力合法性。而柳宗元偏重于后者。隨后詳細介紹了柳宗元的國家起源說的主要內容及其哲學依據(jù)。 第三章,國家結構形式論。本章回顧了唐以前的“分封制”和“郡縣制”這兩種國家結構形式的斗爭史。在唐代對這兩種制度的看法中,以柳宗元的《封建論》最為精彩,提出“非圣人之意,勢也”的著名論斷。從“勢”的角度判定制度的優(yōu)劣,超越了以往以“公”、“私”為制度判定標準的思維。柳宗元這一論斷對明清思想產生了深遠的影響,王夫之對“勢”這一范疇進一步完善和發(fā)展,而且此時這兩種制度之爭又有了新的特點。 第四章,國家政權的約束。本章主要闡述柳宗元對如何約束皇權、如何為政的看法,他主要強調了“德治”和“民本”在權力約束方面的重要性。德治思想和民本思想是傳統(tǒng)儒家的兩個根本性的治國理念,柳宗元提出的“民自利”、“官為民役”等思想,豐富并深化了儒家思想,這較之“天譴說”更深刻、更理性。 第五章,國家理想。本章介紹了柳宗元對國家的美好設計。柳宗元不僅僅是設想,還積極的付諸于實踐,彰顯了儒家的憂國憂民的現(xiàn)實主義情懷。
[Abstract]:Liu Zongyuan was a famous politician, thinker and writer in the mid-Tang Dynasty. This paper focuses on Liu Zongyuan's achievements in political philosophy and focuses on his system of state theory. This paper includes five chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the state doctrine. This chapter briefly introduces the understanding of the state in the eastern and western societies, introduces a series of theories of political power, and summarizes the history of the ancient state theory in China. Chapter two, the theory of national origin. This chapter discusses two different theories of the origin of state-"cooperation theory" and "conflict theory", and points out that Chinese traditional Confucianism has the characteristic of "cooperation theory". On the issue of the legitimacy of monarchy, there are two different ways of thinking in Confucianism. One is to explain the legitimacy of political power from the point of view of the public function of enlightening the masses. One is to explain the legitimacy of political power from the point of view of the public function of managing the people's livelihood. Liu Zongyuan, however, prefers the latter. Then it introduces the main content and philosophical basis of Liu Zongyuan's theory of national origin. Chapter three, the theory of state structure form. This chapter reviews the history of the struggle between the prefecture system and the prefecture system before the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan's feudalism was the most wonderful, and he put forward the famous conclusion that "the meaning of non-sage is not saintly, the tendency is also". Judging the merits and demerits of the system from the angle of "power" surpasses the thought of "public" and "private" as the criterion of system judgment. Liu Zongyuan's theory had a profound influence on the thought of Ming and Qing dynasties, and Wang Fuzhi further improved and developed the category of "potential", and at this time the dispute between the two systems had new characteristics. Chapter four, the restraint of the state power. This chapter mainly expounds Liu Zongyuan's views on how to restrain imperial power and how to be political. He emphasizes the importance of "rule by virtue" and "people first" in power restraint. The thought of rule by virtue and the thought of people-oriented are two fundamental ideas of ruling the country in traditional Confucianism. Liu Zongyuan's ideas of "self-interest of the people" and "official service for the people" have enriched and deepened the Confucian thought, which is more profound and rational than the theory of "natural punishment". Chapter five, National ideal. This chapter introduces Liu Zongyuan's beautiful design to the country. Liu Zongyuan not only envisions, but also actively put into practice, which demonstrates the realistic feelings of Confucian concern about the country and the people.
【學位授予單位】：首都師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D092
本文編號：2219267
[Abstract]:Liu Zongyuan was a famous politician, thinker and writer in the mid-Tang Dynasty. This paper focuses on Liu Zongyuan's achievements in political philosophy and focuses on his system of state theory. This paper includes five chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the state doctrine. This chapter briefly introduces the understanding of the state in the eastern and western societies, introduces a series of theories of political power, and summarizes the history of the ancient state theory in China. Chapter two, the theory of national origin. This chapter discusses two different theories of the origin of state-"cooperation theory" and "conflict theory", and points out that Chinese traditional Confucianism has the characteristic of "cooperation theory". On the issue of the legitimacy of monarchy, there are two different ways of thinking in Confucianism. One is to explain the legitimacy of political power from the point of view of the public function of enlightening the masses. One is to explain the legitimacy of political power from the point of view of the public function of managing the people's livelihood. Liu Zongyuan, however, prefers the latter. Then it introduces the main content and philosophical basis of Liu Zongyuan's theory of national origin. Chapter three, the theory of state structure form. This chapter reviews the history of the struggle between the prefecture system and the prefecture system before the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan's feudalism was the most wonderful, and he put forward the famous conclusion that "the meaning of non-sage is not saintly, the tendency is also". Judging the merits and demerits of the system from the angle of "power" surpasses the thought of "public" and "private" as the criterion of system judgment. Liu Zongyuan's theory had a profound influence on the thought of Ming and Qing dynasties, and Wang Fuzhi further improved and developed the category of "potential", and at this time the dispute between the two systems had new characteristics. Chapter four, the restraint of the state power. This chapter mainly expounds Liu Zongyuan's views on how to restrain imperial power and how to be political. He emphasizes the importance of "rule by virtue" and "people first" in power restraint. The thought of rule by virtue and the thought of people-oriented are two fundamental ideas of ruling the country in traditional Confucianism. Liu Zongyuan's ideas of "self-interest of the people" and "official service for the people" have enriched and deepened the Confucian thought, which is more profound and rational than the theory of "natural punishment". Chapter five, National ideal. This chapter introduces Liu Zongyuan's beautiful design to the country. Liu Zongyuan not only envisions, but also actively put into practice, which demonstrates the realistic feelings of Confucian concern about the country and the people.
【學位授予單位】：首都師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D092
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