【摘要】：權(quán)利問題一直是社會(huì)科學(xué)研究中的重大問題。在現(xiàn)代社會(huì),“權(quán)利”已經(jīng)成為包含著對人之為人的平等尊重以及對人的主體性價(jià)值的普遍肯定。馬克思主義誕生以前,權(quán)利現(xiàn)象一直沒有得到科學(xué)的解釋。馬克思從唯物史觀出發(fā),批判的繼承了前人權(quán)利思想中的合理性因素,科學(xué)考察了權(quán)利現(xiàn)象的性質(zhì)和特征,使權(quán)利理論發(fā)生了革命性變化。 國外對馬克思權(quán)利思想的研究的重點(diǎn)是權(quán)利思想的理論邏輯和價(jià)值分析。我國在這一領(lǐng)域的研究以法學(xué)、法哲學(xué)的視角居多,在政治哲學(xué)領(lǐng)域相對較少。隨著我國市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的建立,人們的權(quán)利意識(shí)有了普遍的提升,需要探尋當(dāng)前我國的權(quán)利思想與馬克思權(quán)利觀之間的理論邏輯,進(jìn)而挖掘馬克思權(quán)利理論的當(dāng)代價(jià)值,為我國社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康發(fā)展,推動(dòng)社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè)和政治文明建設(shè)提供理論指導(dǎo)。 從政治哲學(xué)角度研究馬克思的權(quán)利觀,必須回答權(quán)利的起源、權(quán)利的價(jià)值以及權(quán)利的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式等問題。本文沿著馬克思權(quán)利觀的歷史生成的線索,探尋馬克思的權(quán)利觀與人類歷史上出現(xiàn)的各種權(quán)利思想之間的理論淵源,分析馬克思權(quán)利觀形成和發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件、政治條件和思想文化條件,以及這一思想歷經(jīng)的兩個(gè)發(fā)展階段。本文詳細(xì)闡釋了馬克思的權(quán)利觀的政治哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)、馬克思權(quán)利觀的基本內(nèi)容及其特點(diǎn),分析馬克思權(quán)利觀中關(guān)于權(quán)利與權(quán)力、權(quán)利與民主、權(quán)利與平等的關(guān)系,形成權(quán)力是權(quán)利的保障,民主是實(shí)現(xiàn)權(quán)利的目的和手段,平等是實(shí)現(xiàn)權(quán)利和義務(wù)統(tǒng)一的核心的基本結(jié)論,進(jìn)而概括出馬克思權(quán)利觀歷史性、社會(huì)性和批判性的特點(diǎn)。研究馬克思的權(quán)利觀,需要立足中國現(xiàn)實(shí),探尋馬克思權(quán)利觀對中國的當(dāng)代啟示。以權(quán)利維護(hù)民主,促進(jìn)社會(huì)主義民主政治的發(fā)展;以權(quán)利制約權(quán)力,構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義權(quán)力保障體系;以權(quán)利塑造公民,培養(yǎng)社會(huì)主義公民意識(shí),推進(jìn)當(dāng)代中國的政治文明建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:The issue of rights has always been a major issue in social science research. In modern society, "right" has become a universal affirmation of the equal respect for human being and the subjective value of human being. Before the birth of Marxism, the phenomenon of right has not been scientifically explained. Starting from historical materialism, Marx critically inherited the rational factors in his predecessors' thought of right, and scientifically investigated the nature and characteristics of the phenomenon of right, which made the theory of right revolutionized. The emphasis of foreign research on Marx's right thought is the theoretical logic and value analysis of the right thought. The research in this field is mainly from the perspective of jurisprudence and philosophy of law, but less in the field of political philosophy. With the establishment of market economy system in our country, people's consciousness of right has been promoted generally. It is necessary to explore the theoretical logic between the thought of right and Marx's view of right in our country, and then excavate the contemporary value of Marx's theory of right. It provides theoretical guidance for the healthy development of socialist market economy and the construction of socialist spiritual civilization and political civilization. To study Marx's view of rights from the angle of political philosophy, we must answer the questions of the origin of rights, the value of rights and the way of realization of rights. This paper explores the theoretical origin between Marx's concept of rights and various ideas of rights in human history, and analyzes the economic conditions for the formation and development of Marx's view of rights. Political conditions and ideological and cultural conditions, as well as this thought goes through two stages of development. This paper explains in detail the political philosophical basis of Marx's view of rights, the basic contents and characteristics of Marx's view of rights, and analyzes the relationship between right and power, right and democracy, right and equality in Marx's view of rights. Forming power is the guarantee of rights, democracy is the purpose and means of realizing rights, equality is the core conclusion of realizing the unity of rights and obligations, and then generalizes the historical, social and critical characteristics of Marx's concept of rights. To study Marx's view of right, we should base on the reality of China and explore the enlightenment of Marx's view of right to China. To safeguard democracy with rights, to promote the development of socialist democratic politics, to restrict power by right, to construct socialist power guarantee system, to mold citizens with rights, to cultivate socialist civic consciousness, and to promote the construction of political civilization in contemporary China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：A811;D082

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本文編號(hào)：2216108