【摘要】：通過制定并實施公共政策來管理國家公共事務(wù)、提供公共物品及服務(wù),已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)代公權(quán)力機關(guān)實現(xiàn)有效治理的基本途徑和主要方式。伴隨越來越多社會問題的出現(xiàn),對公共政策科學(xué)技術(shù)層面的研究已經(jīng)不足以解決當(dāng)前人們對政策價值問題的考問。從政治哲學(xué)層面思考公共政策的價值問題,應(yīng)成為公共政策研究以及政府公共管理實踐當(dāng)中的重要內(nèi)容。 具體到中國,以儒家政治價值為核心的傳統(tǒng)政治價值觀念長期地影響著中國政治社會的發(fā)展,公共政策價值也不可避免地受其影響和制約,出現(xiàn)許多與現(xiàn)代公共管理理念不符甚至相悖的政策價值問題。必須從傳統(tǒng)政治價值的研究入手,將不適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代公共管理要求的政策價值觀念轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉瞎衿毡槔娴膬r值觀念,才能構(gòu)建和完善現(xiàn)代公共政策價值體系,實現(xiàn)公共政策科學(xué)化、民主化、法制化。本文正是從中國的政治實際出發(fā),分析傳統(tǒng)政治價值對現(xiàn)代公共政策實踐過程的影響,并提出轉(zhuǎn)變傳統(tǒng)政治價值觀念、構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代政策價值體系的幾點建議。 公共政策價值是公共政策系統(tǒng)對于合理配置社會資源的某種效用,它包括三個層次：一是公民個人的政治理性對于自身生存發(fā)展及社會體系穩(wěn)定持續(xù)的效用；二是公共政策過程對于公民個體需求進行規(guī)劃、調(diào)配和滿足的效用；三是作為代理人、契約履行者的公權(quán)力機關(guān)對于保證公共政策滿足公民利益訴求的實際效果的效用。據(jù)此,本文按照每一個層次主體的要求,從公共政策客體、公共政策價值取向、公共政策主體三個維度展開分析。 政策客體層面,公民作為政策受眾,在傳統(tǒng)政治價值的影響下,普遍缺乏政治主體意識和政策參與意識,這使得政策合法性效力大大降低；政策價值取向?qū)用?傳統(tǒng)政治價值觀念中公共領(lǐng)域與公共觀念的缺失,使得政策無法真正做到以公民為本、以公共利益的實現(xiàn)為本；政策主體層面,中國傳統(tǒng)社會“三位一體”的政治價值結(jié)構(gòu),使得政策制定和執(zhí)行隨意性強,無法得到法律的有效制約。因此,必須針對以上問題,實現(xiàn)由“臣民意識”向“公民意識”的轉(zhuǎn)換、由“均平觀念”向“公平觀念”的轉(zhuǎn)換、由“以民為本”向“以公民為本”的轉(zhuǎn)換、由“君主獨斷”向“民主決策”的轉(zhuǎn)換、由“統(tǒng)治”向“善治”的轉(zhuǎn)換,才能有效解決公共政策價值方面的問題。 實現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)政治價值的轉(zhuǎn)換,需要幾代甚至幾十代人政治社會化和文化傳承的努力,是一個長期的歷史過程。
[Abstract]:By making and implementing public policies to manage national public affairs and provide public goods and services, it has become the basic way and main way for modern public power organs to achieve effective governance. With the emergence of more and more social problems, the research on science and technology of public policy is not enough to solve the problem of policy value. Thinking about the value of public policy from the aspect of political philosophy should be an important content in the study of public policy and the practice of government public management. In China, the traditional political values with Confucian political value as the core have long influenced the development of Chinese political society, and the value of public policy is inevitably influenced and restricted by it. There are many problems of policy value which are inconsistent with modern public management. In order to construct and perfect the value system of modern public policy, we must start with the study of the traditional political value, and transform the policy value concept, which does not meet the requirements of modern public management, into one that conforms to the general interests of the citizens, so as to construct and perfect the value system of modern public policy. To realize the scientific, democratic and legalized public policy. This paper analyzes the influence of traditional political value on the process of modern public policy practice, and puts forward some suggestions on changing traditional political value concept and constructing modern policy value system. The value of public policy is the utility of the public policy system for the rational allocation of social resources. It includes three levels: first, the political rationality of individual citizens for their own survival and development and social system stable and sustainable utility; The second is the utility of the public policy process to plan, deploy and satisfy the individual needs of the citizen; the third is the utility of the public power organ as the agent and the executor of the contract to ensure that the public policy meets the interests of the citizens. According to the requirements of each level of subject, this paper analyzes from three dimensions: the object of public policy, the value orientation of public policy and the subject of public policy. Under the influence of traditional political value, citizens, as the policy audience, generally lack the consciousness of political subject and policy participation, which makes the validity of policy greatly reduced. The lack of public sphere and public concept in the traditional political values makes it impossible for the policy to be citizen-oriented and based on the realization of public interests, and the political value structure of the traditional Chinese society is "trinity" at the level of policy subject. Make the policy making and execution arbitrary, can not get the effective restriction of the law. Therefore, it is necessary to realize the transformation from "subject consciousness" to "citizen consciousness", from "equal equality concept" to "fair concept" and from "people-oriented" to "citizen oriented" in view of the above problems. The transformation from "monarchy" to "democratic decision making" and from "rule" to "good governance" can effectively solve the problem of public policy value. It is a long historical process to realize the transformation of traditional political value, which requires the efforts of political socialization and cultural inheritance of several generations or even tens of generations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D035

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