自由主義中立性研究：辯護與批判
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-10 18:25
【摘要】：無論對多元主義做何種解釋,多元主義已經(jīng)成為當代社會的事實。于是,政治哲學的主題不再是“什么是好的生活”,而是轉(zhuǎn)換為“人們應(yīng)當怎樣生活在一起”。政治自由主義者主張權(quán)利優(yōu)先于善,用正義原則約束人們的政治生活。但正義原則必須要經(jīng)得起自由主義合法性原則的檢驗,那就是要得到所有通情達理的人們的同意。政治自由主義認為,中立性原則可以通過合法性原則的檢驗,在制定正義原則時,必須在各種完備性學說之間保持中立,正義原則必須獨立于任何完備性學說。雖然政治自由主義者都訴諸中立性學說,但他們對中立性學說的解釋不盡相同,本文的任務(wù)之一就是要梳理自由主義中立性原則的概念內(nèi)涵。中立性是什么?它的主體是誰?要在何者之間保持中立?中立性原則的依據(jù)是什么?傳統(tǒng)上對中立性的論證有什么問題?懷疑論、實驗主義、自主性論證的問題出在哪里?中立性原則不是道德上的中立,它以平等尊重為道德基礎(chǔ)。本文簡要分析了羅爾斯的公平正義理論、拉莫爾對中立性原則的“中立”證成、德沃金的平等理論、阿克曼的中立性學說等。以中立性原則來解決道德沖突的手段,受到了來自各個方面的批評,自由主義內(nèi)部外部的批評都有,尤其以自由主義至善論者和社群主義者的批評最為猛烈。至善論自由主義把自由主義看作是一種生活方式,國家必須要保證自由主義的各種美德和價值。社群主義則從各個方面,如自由主義的自我觀、權(quán)利優(yōu)先于善理論、自由主義的普遍正義原則等方面強烈批判了自由主義中立性。本文也試圖分析論述這些反對者的理由,指出中立性原則的缺陷何在。
[Abstract]:Regardless of the interpretation of pluralism, pluralism has become a fact of contemporary society. Hence, the theme of political philosophy is no longer "what is a good life" but "how people should live together." Political liberals advocate that rights take precedence over good and use the principle of justice to restrain people's political life. Political liberalism holds that the principle of neutrality can be tested by the principle of legitimacy, that is, it must stand the test of liberal legitimacy, that is, it must be agreed by all reasonable people. Although political liberals resort to neutrality theory, they have different interpretations of neutrality theory. One of the tasks of this paper is to sort out the conceptual connotation of the principle of liberal neutrality. What is neutrality? Who is its subject? Between whom should it be maintained? The basis of the principle of neutrality is What? What's the problem with the traditional argument of neutrality? What's the problem with skepticism, experimentalism, and autonomy? The principle of neutrality is not moral neutrality, it is based on equal respect. This paper briefly analyzes Rawls'theory of justice, Ramal's proof of neutrality, Dworkin Equity theory, Ackerman's theory of neutrality, etc. The method of resolving moral conflicts with the principle of neutrality has been criticized from all sides, both from inside and outside of liberalism, especially from liberal goodness theorists and communitarians. Communitarianism strongly criticizes the liberal neutrality from various aspects, such as the liberal self-concept, the theory that rights take precedence over good, and the liberal principle of universal justice. What is the defect of sex principle?
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D09
本文編號：2175824
[Abstract]:Regardless of the interpretation of pluralism, pluralism has become a fact of contemporary society. Hence, the theme of political philosophy is no longer "what is a good life" but "how people should live together." Political liberals advocate that rights take precedence over good and use the principle of justice to restrain people's political life. Political liberalism holds that the principle of neutrality can be tested by the principle of legitimacy, that is, it must stand the test of liberal legitimacy, that is, it must be agreed by all reasonable people. Although political liberals resort to neutrality theory, they have different interpretations of neutrality theory. One of the tasks of this paper is to sort out the conceptual connotation of the principle of liberal neutrality. What is neutrality? Who is its subject? Between whom should it be maintained? The basis of the principle of neutrality is What? What's the problem with the traditional argument of neutrality? What's the problem with skepticism, experimentalism, and autonomy? The principle of neutrality is not moral neutrality, it is based on equal respect. This paper briefly analyzes Rawls'theory of justice, Ramal's proof of neutrality, Dworkin Equity theory, Ackerman's theory of neutrality, etc. The method of resolving moral conflicts with the principle of neutrality has been criticized from all sides, both from inside and outside of liberalism, especially from liberal goodness theorists and communitarians. Communitarianism strongly criticizes the liberal neutrality from various aspects, such as the liberal self-concept, the theory that rights take precedence over good, and the liberal principle of universal justice. What is the defect of sex principle?
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D09
【引證文獻】
相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條
1 田楊;桑德爾政治哲學及其倫理探析[D];河南師范大學;2012年
，本文編號：2175824
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