托克維爾民主思想評析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-24 14:01
【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代化的不斷深入，民主已經(jīng)成為衡量中國政治現(xiàn)代化程度的一個重要的維度。然而，在民主化的潮流中，中國政治民主建設(shè)正遭遇著不同程度的挑戰(zhàn)。面對現(xiàn)實(shí)的民主問題，需要我們借鑒傳統(tǒng)的民主思想。托克維爾成為了我們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗菍ΜF(xiàn)代民主原則進(jìn)行全面研究的第一位現(xiàn)代理論家。他在現(xiàn)代民主發(fā)展的早期就預(yù)見到了民主潛在的危機(jī)，而這些危機(jī)正在或即將構(gòu)成對中國民主政治建設(shè)的挑戰(zhàn)。我們需要認(rèn)真對待托克維爾，對他的民主思想進(jìn)行評析，正確的認(rèn)識托克維爾。同時(shí)，，對托克維爾民主思想取其精華、去其糟粕。最終，為中國民主政治建設(shè)提供理論上和實(shí)踐上的價(jià)值。 本文通過六個步驟來完成這個上述目標(biāo)。首先，在進(jìn)入正式的理論探討之前，分析了當(dāng)前國內(nèi)外研究托克維爾民主思想的現(xiàn)狀，闡明了本文的理論目標(biāo)和研究方法。接著，立足于托克維爾的文本，闡釋其民主思想的內(nèi)涵，在此過程中，透視出托克維爾民主概念的綜合性，即民主是自由、革命和專制的統(tǒng)一體。第三，進(jìn)一步深入到托克維爾的文本內(nèi)部，揭示出托克維爾民主的困境，即民主內(nèi)部的自由與專制、革命與反革命的矛盾困境。第四，對托克維爾民主的困境進(jìn)行診斷，發(fā)現(xiàn)托克維爾的民主人的病癥是自我心理的描繪。由于托克維爾內(nèi)心潛藏著的馬克思與盧梭著兩種身影，它們的對抗引起的焦慮構(gòu)成了民主人普遍的心理病癥。第五、立足于市民社會的場景，發(fā)現(xiàn)托克維爾民主困境深層結(jié)構(gòu)屬于一種意識形態(tài)性質(zhì)，進(jìn)而分析其民主思想的局限及其內(nèi)在價(jià)值。最后，分析了當(dāng)前中國民主政治建設(shè)遇到的挑戰(zhàn)，即共同體層面、政治制度層面和政府政策層面的共識危機(jī)。而托克維爾關(guān)于結(jié)社制度、地方自治制度和陪審制度的政治設(shè)計(jì)，可以有助于促進(jìn)當(dāng)前中國民主政治建設(shè)的制度創(chuàng)新。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of modernization, democracy has become an important dimension to measure the degree of Chinese political modernization. However, in the trend of democratization, China's political democracy is facing varying degrees of challenges. Facing the reality of democracy, we need to learn from the traditional democratic thought. Tocqueville became the focus of our attention because he was the first modern theorist to conduct a comprehensive study of modern democratic principles. He foresaw the potential crisis of democracy in the early stage of the development of modern democracy, and these crises are or will pose a challenge to the construction of democracy in China. We need to take Tocqueville seriously, comment on his democratic ideas, and correctly understand Tocqueville. At the same time, Tocqueville's democratic thought takes its essence and goes to the dregs. Finally, it provides theoretical and practical value for China's democratic political construction. This paper uses six steps to accomplish this goal. First of all, before entering the formal theoretical discussion, this paper analyzes the current situation of research on Tocqueville's democratic thought at home and abroad, and clarifies the theoretical objectives and research methods of this paper. Then, based on the text of Tocqueville, it explains the connotation of Tocqueville's democratic thought, and in the process, perspective out the comprehensive concept of Tocqueville's democracy, that is, democracy is the unity of freedom, revolution and autocracy. Thirdly, it goes deep into Tocqueville's text and reveals the dilemma of Tocqueville's democracy, that is, freedom and autocracy within democracy, contradiction between revolution and counter-revolution. Fourth, to diagnose the plight of Tocqueville democracy and find that the symptoms of democracy in Tocqueville are the depiction of self-psychology. Because Marx and Rousseau are hidden in Tocqueville's heart, the anxiety caused by their confrontation constitutes the common psychological disorder of democracy. Fifthly, based on the scene of civil society, we find that the deep structure of Tocqueville's democratic dilemma belongs to an ideological nature, and then analyze the limitations of its democratic thought and its intrinsic value. Finally, the paper analyzes the current challenges in the construction of democratic politics in China, that is, the consensus crisis at the level of community, political system and government policy. Tocqueville's political design of association system, local autonomy system and jury system can help to promote the system innovation of China's democratic political construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D091
本文編號：2141602
[Abstract]:With the deepening of modernization, democracy has become an important dimension to measure the degree of Chinese political modernization. However, in the trend of democratization, China's political democracy is facing varying degrees of challenges. Facing the reality of democracy, we need to learn from the traditional democratic thought. Tocqueville became the focus of our attention because he was the first modern theorist to conduct a comprehensive study of modern democratic principles. He foresaw the potential crisis of democracy in the early stage of the development of modern democracy, and these crises are or will pose a challenge to the construction of democracy in China. We need to take Tocqueville seriously, comment on his democratic ideas, and correctly understand Tocqueville. At the same time, Tocqueville's democratic thought takes its essence and goes to the dregs. Finally, it provides theoretical and practical value for China's democratic political construction. This paper uses six steps to accomplish this goal. First of all, before entering the formal theoretical discussion, this paper analyzes the current situation of research on Tocqueville's democratic thought at home and abroad, and clarifies the theoretical objectives and research methods of this paper. Then, based on the text of Tocqueville, it explains the connotation of Tocqueville's democratic thought, and in the process, perspective out the comprehensive concept of Tocqueville's democracy, that is, democracy is the unity of freedom, revolution and autocracy. Thirdly, it goes deep into Tocqueville's text and reveals the dilemma of Tocqueville's democracy, that is, freedom and autocracy within democracy, contradiction between revolution and counter-revolution. Fourth, to diagnose the plight of Tocqueville democracy and find that the symptoms of democracy in Tocqueville are the depiction of self-psychology. Because Marx and Rousseau are hidden in Tocqueville's heart, the anxiety caused by their confrontation constitutes the common psychological disorder of democracy. Fifthly, based on the scene of civil society, we find that the deep structure of Tocqueville's democratic dilemma belongs to an ideological nature, and then analyze the limitations of its democratic thought and its intrinsic value. Finally, the paper analyzes the current challenges in the construction of democratic politics in China, that is, the consensus crisis at the level of community, political system and government policy. Tocqueville's political design of association system, local autonomy system and jury system can help to promote the system innovation of China's democratic political construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D091
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本文編號：2141602
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