【摘要】：在當(dāng)代政治哲學(xué)界,公共領(lǐng)域理論作為分析現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的一種研究范式和解決現(xiàn)代政治危機(jī)的一種學(xué)術(shù)探索,日益受到學(xué)者們的重視。猶太裔西方馬克思主義理論家漢娜·阿倫特在批判現(xiàn)代政治生活的虛假性、非政治化及反政治化的基礎(chǔ)上,從恢復(fù)人類生存尊嚴(yán)和價(jià)值的角度出發(fā),最早提出公共領(lǐng)域的概念并進(jìn)行理論建構(gòu)。系統(tǒng)分析阿倫特公共領(lǐng)域理論的源泉、構(gòu)成和基礎(chǔ),用比較和發(fā)展的眼光進(jìn)行審視,對(duì)于厘清公共領(lǐng)域思想史的基本脈絡(luò),豐富公共領(lǐng)域的思想資源,發(fā)掘公共領(lǐng)域理論的現(xiàn)實(shí)價(jià)值以及塑造理想的公共生活有著十分重要的意義。 20世紀(jì)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)和科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,極權(quán)主義的興起,對(duì)猶太人的迫害,戰(zhàn)后民主國(guó)家出現(xiàn)的“共和危機(jī)”和種種個(gè)人遭遇讓阿倫特認(rèn)識(shí)到,以理性和進(jìn)步為旗號(hào)的現(xiàn)代性導(dǎo)致了政治公共性的瓦解和公共領(lǐng)域的消亡,從而使人類政治生活處于前所未有的危險(xiǎn)中。對(duì)人的天性、本質(zhì)及生存條件的分析讓她確信在公共領(lǐng)域中過(guò)一種公共生活是人生目的和意義所在。阿倫特對(duì)人類活動(dòng)及相對(duì)應(yīng)的社會(huì)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行劃分,提出人類活動(dòng)可分為勞動(dòng)、工作和行動(dòng)三種,分別對(duì)應(yīng)于私人領(lǐng)域、社會(huì)領(lǐng)域和公共領(lǐng)域,由此提出公共領(lǐng)域的概念,并從公共性、私人性、多樣性、同一性、政治性、議題的設(shè)置、永恒性等角度對(duì)公共領(lǐng)域的內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行深入剖析。阿倫特認(rèn)為,在近代社會(huì)領(lǐng)域興起后,勞動(dòng)和家庭被納入公共生活中,這既破壞了私人領(lǐng)域的私密性,也侵害了公共領(lǐng)域的政治性,使人的行動(dòng)蛻變?yōu)槠骄屯|(zhì)化的行為,政治退化為體現(xiàn)著命令和服從關(guān)系的家政管理。公共領(lǐng)域的衰落需要通過(guò)真正意義上的革命行動(dòng)來(lái)拯救,議事會(huì)制度可以看作是共和政體的理想的統(tǒng)治形態(tài)。此外,行動(dòng)、思考、判斷和政治美德等構(gòu)成了阿倫特的公共領(lǐng)域理論的根基。作為一個(gè)開(kāi)放的思想體系,阿倫特的公共領(lǐng)域思想要始終面對(duì)時(shí)代的檢驗(yàn),體現(xiàn)出時(shí)代價(jià)值并永遠(yuǎn)處于發(fā)展和完善中。虛擬技術(shù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界,后現(xiàn)代的個(gè)性張揚(yáng)、審美呈現(xiàn)、文化擴(kuò)張、日常生活革命,以及后人類的出現(xiàn)給公共領(lǐng)域理想的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供了新的契機(jī),也帶來(lái)了新的挑戰(zhàn)。阿倫特公共領(lǐng)域思想的當(dāng)代中國(guó)意義在于,可以運(yùn)用阿倫特公共領(lǐng)域思想對(duì)中國(guó)公共領(lǐng)域現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行理論建構(gòu),在實(shí)證研究的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)中國(guó)公共領(lǐng)域的整體結(jié)構(gòu)、發(fā)展機(jī)制和運(yùn)行機(jī)制進(jìn)行分析,總結(jié)當(dāng)前中國(guó)公共領(lǐng)域建設(shè)的意義,并對(duì)中國(guó)公共領(lǐng)域的建構(gòu)策略進(jìn)行探索。
[Abstract]:In the contemporary political philosophy, the theory of public domain as a research paradigm for the analysis of modern society and an academic exploration of modern political crisis has been paid more and more attention by scholars. Hanna Ahrendt, a Jewish theorist of Jewish western Marx, is criticizing the false, non politicized and anti politicization of modern political life. At the same time, from the angle of restoring human dignity and value, the concept of the public domain and the theoretical construction are first put forward. The source, composition and foundation of Ahrendt's public domain theory are analyzed systematically, and the basic thread of the ideological history of public domain is clarified and the ideological capital of the public domain is enriched. It is of great significance to explore the realistic value of the theory of public sphere and to create an ideal public life.
In twentieth Century, the development of political economy and science and technology, the rise of totalitarianism, the persecution of Jews, the "Republican crisis" and various personal experiences that appeared in the postwar democratic countries made Ahrendt realize that the modernity of the banner of rationality and progress led to the disintegration of political publicity and the extinction of the public sphere, thus making the human political life. The analysis of human nature, nature and living conditions makes her convinced that a public life in the public field is the purpose and meaning of life in the public domain. Ahrendt divides human activities and corresponding social fields and suggests that human activities can be divided into three kinds, labor, work and action, corresponding to each other. In the private field, the social field and the public domain, the concept of the public domain is put forward, and the connotation of the public domain is deeply analyzed from the perspectives of public, private, diversity, identity, politics, issues and eternity. Ahrendt believes that, after the rise of modern social fields, labor and family are included in public life. It not only destroys the privacy of the private sphere, but also violates the political nature of the public sphere, so that the human action is transformed into an act of averaging and homogeneity, and the political degeneration is the housekeeping management which embodies the order and the relationship of the relationship. The decline of the public sphere needs to be saved through the real revolutionary action, and the convention system can be regarded as a republic. The ideal rule form of the regime. In addition, action, thinking, judgment and political virtues form the foundation of Ahrendt's theory of public domain. As an open ideological system, Ahrendt's public domain ideas must always face the test of the times, reflect the value of the times and are always in the development and improvement. Virtual technology and the Internet world. There is a new opportunity and new challenge for the realization of the ideal of public domain. The contemporary significance of Ahrendt's public domain thought lies in the fact that the public domain thought of Ahrendt can be used in the public sphere in China. On the basis of empirical research, this paper analyzes the overall structure, development mechanism and operating mechanism of China's public domain on the basis of empirical research, and summarizes the significance of the construction of the public domain in China, and explores the construction strategy of the Chinese public domain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D091

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